A mud-like explosive containing 5% or more water, it is classified into slurry explosives and emulsion explosives. Slurry explosives are a new type of industrial explosive developed in the 1950s, containing ammonium nitrate, water, fuel/sensitizer, air bubbles, and a thickening agent. Conventionally, moisture was the cause of deterioration of explosives, but this explosive is characterized by its large amount of water. Its explosive power is between that of dynamite and ammonium nitrate oil explosives, and its after-gas is good. Its stability, fire resistance, and heat resistance are better than dynamite, and its shock detonation sensitivity is low. It does not contain toxic nitroglycol, so there is little concern about chemical damage. The water-containing explosives currently manufactured in Japan are gel-like, and can be detonated with a single No. 6 detonator, so they are detonation-cap detonation water-containing explosives. The first industrialized water-containing explosives in the United States were slurry-like (mud-like) water-containing explosives, which could not be detonated with a detonator and were called non-detonation-cap detonation. The water-containing explosives currently manufactured in Japan are those whose technology was introduced from American companies DuPont, Hercules, and Aireco, and each has the characteristic of acting as both a fuel and a sensitizer. Emulsion explosives are gel-like water-containing explosives consisting of a water-in-oil emulsion in which an aqueous solution of an oxidizer such as ammonium nitrate is dispersed in oil. Development of these explosives began in the 1970s, and they are now widely used as industrial explosives. [Tadao Yoshida and Shingo Date] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
水を5%以上含有した泥状の爆薬で、スラリー爆薬とエマルション爆薬とに分類される。 スラリー爆薬は、1950年代に開発された新しい型の工業爆薬で、硝酸アンモニウム、水、燃料兼鋭感剤、気泡、粘稠剤(ねんちゅうざい)などを含む。従来、水分は爆薬にとって劣化の原因であったが、この爆薬は水をかなり多量に含んでいるのが特徴である。爆発威力はダイナマイトと硝安油剤爆薬の中間で、あとガス(後ガス)は良好である。安定度、耐火・耐熱性もダイナマイトに比べてよく、衝撃起爆感度は鈍感である。毒性のあるニトログリコールを含まないので薬害の心配は少ない。日本で現在製造されている含水爆薬はゲル状のもので、6号雷管1本で起爆できるので雷管起爆性の含水爆薬である。アメリカで最初に工業化されたのはスラリー状(泥状)の含水爆薬で、雷管では起爆できないので非雷管起爆性とよばれた。現在日本で製造されている含水爆薬は、アメリカのデュポン、ハーキュレスおよびアイレコの各社から技術導入された含水爆薬で、それぞれ燃料兼鋭感剤に特徴をもっている。 エマルション爆薬は、油剤の中に硝酸アンモニウム等の酸化剤の水溶液を分散させた油中水型エマルションからなるゲル状の含水爆薬であり、1970年代から開発が進められ、現在では産業爆薬として広く使用されている。 [吉田忠雄・伊達新吾] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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