Kadoya

The name given to vassal farmers in the Edo period. It comes from the fact that they lived in gatehouses on the lord's property. Depending on the region, they were also called bunzuke, kehou, niwako, kamako, kuwako, nago, hikan, etc., but the degree of servitude to the lord varied. Generally, they were given farmland by the lord and managed it independently, but sometimes they paid taxes and other duties through the lord and provided labor services to the lord. They were listed as bunzuke in early land survey books, and in sect registers, they were usually added to the end of the lord's sect. Although they were takamochi peasants, they were not considered to be true peasants who were members of the village community, and their graves were also distinguished. They were a transitional form of independence for fudai genin, and were positioned as perpetual tenant farmers.

[Akira Baba]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代の隷属農民の呼称。主家の屋敷地内の門小屋に居住していたことに由来する。地方によって、分付(ぶんづけ)、家抱(けほう)、庭子(にわこ)、釜子(かまこ)、鍬子(くわこ)、名子(なご)、被官(ひかん)などともよばれたが、主家への隷属の程度は多様である。一般には、主家から耕地を分与され、独立経営を行いながら、年貢・諸役は主家を通じて上納し、主家に労役を提供する場合もあった。初期検地帳には分付記載され、宗門帳でも主家の宗門の末尾に付記されるのが普通である。高持(たかもち)百姓であるが、村落共同体の成員たる本百姓とはみなされず、墓所なども区別されていた。譜代下人(ふだいげにん)の独立の過渡形態であり、永小作(えいこさく)として位置づけられる。

［馬場　章］

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