Nitrate of potassium. It occurs naturally as saltpeter, but the amount is not so large that most of the demand is met by industrially produced saltpeter. In the past, Chilean saltpeter (sodium nitrate) was the main raw material, but in recent years, with the expansion of ammonia production plants, nitric acid and ammonium nitrate have become relatively inexpensive to produce, and a new manufacturing method using these raw materials has been developed. One method is to neutralize nitric acid with potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate and evaporate the resulting solution to dryness, but in areas where potassium chloride resources are abundant, it is reacted with concentrated nitric acid to produce potassium nitrate along with chlorine through the following reaction:
2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2 [Torii Yasuo] [Supplementary Material] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カリウムの硝酸塩。天然には硝石として産出するが、その量はあまり多くないので、需要の大部分は工業的に製造されたものでまかなわれる。古くはチリ硝石(硝酸ナトリウム)が主要原料であったが、近年、アンモニア製造工場の大型化に伴って、硝酸、硝酸アンモニウムなどが比較的安価に生産されるようになったので、これらを原料とした新しい製造法が開発された。 硝酸を水酸化カリウムや炭酸カリウムで中和し、生成した溶液を蒸発乾固する方法もあるが、塩化カリウム資源の豊富な所では、これを濃硝酸と反応させ、次の反応によって塩素とともに硝酸カリウムを製造している。
2KNO32KNO2+O2 [鳥居泰男] [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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