A term for brewed alcohol and mixed alcohol, classified by the manufacturing method of alcoholic beverages. When alcoholic liquid (moromi, fruit juice, etc.) is heated, the alcohol and other volatile components evaporate into gas, and the process of collecting them by guiding them to a cooler is called distillation. There are two distillation methods. The method using a single distiller (pot still) is an old one, in which the moromi is placed in a distillation pot and distilled one pot at a time, but since there are many volatile components other than alcohol, it is usually distilled twice. The alcohol content of the product is 20-60%. Malt whisky, brandy, and authentic shochu (shochu type B) are made using this method. In contrast, continuous distillation (patent still) is used, in which the moromi is fed at a constant rate into a tower with many stacked distillation shelves, and distilled continuously to obtain almost pure alcohol of 95%, which is then added with water and aged. Grain whisky, vodka, and shochu type A for blending are made using this method. [Yuichi Akiyama] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
酒類の製造法による分類で、醸造酒、混成酒に対する用語。アルコールを含んだ液(もろみ、果汁など)を加熱すると、アルコールなど揮発性成分は気体となって蒸発するので、これを冷却器に導いて回収することを蒸留という。この蒸留法には2法ある。単式蒸留機(ポットスチル)を用いるものは古くからの方法で、蒸留釜(がま)にもろみを入れ、ひと釜ずつ蒸留していくが、アルコール以外の揮発成分も多く、通常は2回蒸留を行う。製品のアルコール分は20~60%である。モルトウイスキー、ブランデー、本格焼酎(しょうちゅう)(しょうちゅう乙類)などは、この方法でつくられる。これに対して連続式蒸留機(パテントスチル)によるものは、いくつもの蒸留棚を積み重ねた塔に、一定速度でもろみを供給し、連続的に蒸留して95%のほぼ純粋なアルコールをとり、加水、熟成させてつくる。ブレンド用のグレンウイスキー、ウォツカ、しょうちゅう甲類などはこの方法でつくられる。 [秋山裕一] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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