The Story of Antar - Sīrat 'Antar

Japanese: アンタル物語 - あんたるものがたり(英語表記)Sīrat ‘Antar
The Story of Antar - Sīrat 'Antar

This is the most popular long romance among the Arab people. The Basra scholar al-Asma'i (died around 828) claims to have written down the story he heard directly from the protagonist at the Baghdad court during the reign of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (reigned 786-809), but in fact it seems to have been written by many authors between the 8th century and the first half of the 12th century. The gist of the story is the deeds of Antara ibn Shaddād, a rare warrior and excellent poet who lived in the Arabian plateau in the 6th century, but the period and area of ​​his activities have been greatly expanded and the story has been embellished to the greatest extent possible. The real Antara was born to Shaddād, an Abs man, and a black slave girl. He grew up as a slave, but was freed due to his military achievements. He proposed to his paternal uncle's daughter Abla, but had to overcome many hardships to get there. Although he achieved his goal in the end, he was killed in a battle with the Tayyis. He was such a talented poet that one of his poems was included in the anthology Al-Muallaqat.

The story itself is a long work spanning 32 volumes, including 10,000 poems, and weaving together the changes in the Arabs and the Islamic world over the 500 years since the Islamic era began. The writing is elegant, and the content is a homeland for the nation. It includes stories of the lives, battles, and love of the ancient Arabs during the Jahiliyya period, Persian history and legends, and tales of conflict with the Byzantine Empire and the Crusaders. Godfrey of Bouillon, one of the commanders of the First Crusade, also appears under the name of Jufraun, and is one of Antar's surviving children. Antar is hit by a poisoned arrow from his sworn enemy, Withel, and dies on the back of his beloved horse, but his surviving children kill his enemy, and Jufraun returns to Europe. The lecturers who recited this story to the people were called Anatira. It became known in Europe from the end of the 18th century, but a complete translation has not yet appeared.

[Shinji Maeshima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アラブの民衆の間でもっとも人気のある長編のロマンス。バスラの学者アル・アスマイーal-Asma‘ī(828ころ没)が、カリフ、ハールーン・アッラシード(在位786~809)のとき、バグダードの宮廷で、この物語の主人公から直接に聞いた話を書き記したと称しているが、実際は、8世紀から12世紀前半ごろまでの間に、多くの作者の手を経て書き上げられたらしい。骨子は、6世紀にアラビア高原に実在した希代の勇士で優れた詩人でもあったアンタラ‘Antara ibn Shaddādの事績であるが、時代も活動地域も大幅に広げ、潤色の限りを尽くしてある。実在のアンタラはアブス人のシャッダードと黒人の女奴隷との間に生まれ、奴隷として成長したが、軍功により自由の身分となった。父方の叔父の娘アブラに求婚したが、そのために多くの苦難を切り抜けなければならなかった。最後には目的を達したけれども、結局、タイイー人との戦いで死んだ。その詩の一つは名詩選『アル・ムアッラカート』に加えられたほどの詩才の持ち主でもあった。

 物語のほうは、イスラム時代に入ってからの500年間にわたるアラブ人およびイスラム世界の転変をも織り込み、約1万の詩をも含ませ、32巻に及ぶ長編となっている。文章も流麗で、民族の心のふるさとというべき内容である。ジャーヒリーヤ時代の古代アラブ人の生活や戦いや恋の物語、ペルシアの歴史や説話、ビザンティン帝国や十字軍との抗争談なども取り入れてある。第一次十字軍の主将の一人ゴドフロア・ド・ブイヨンもジュフラーンという名で登場し、アンタルの遺児の一人となっている。アンタルは仇敵(きゅうてき)ウィズルの毒矢に当たり、愛馬の背上で死を遂げるが、遺児たちはその仇(あだ)を討ち取り、そのなかのジュフラーンはヨーロッパに帰って行く。この物語を民衆に語る講釈師たちはアナーティラとよばれた。18世紀末からはヨーロッパにも知られたが、まだ全部の翻訳は現れてはいない。

[前嶋信次]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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