The title of High Commissioner is used in various international relations to designate high-ranking officials. It can refer to a representative of a country who is granted political powers in a foreign territory (e.g., the High Commissioner in Egypt during the British occupation, or the American High Commissioner in Okinawa before the return of Okinawa), to a representative of a country in a territory under joint administration with another country (e.g., the High Commissioners appointed by the British and French in the New Hebrides Islands during the joint administration of the New Hebrides Islands), to a representative of an international organization (or one or more countries) who is granted administrative powers or administrative authority (e.g., the League of Nations High Commissioner for the Free City of Danzig), and, more recently, to an international organization working for humanitarian assistance and the international protection of human rights (e.g., the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, and the OSCE High Commissioner for Minorities). Sadako Ogata served as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1991 to 2000. In addition, the term can also be used to refer to a representative sent by one government to another when the political relations between the two countries make it difficult for normal diplomatic relations to exist (such as between France and Vietnam in the past). [Kou Minagawa and Kyoji Kawasaki] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
高等弁務官という称号は、国際関係において種々の場合に任命される高官について用いられる。まず、外国領土で一国が行使する政治的権限を付与された当該国の代表者(たとえば、イギリス占領下のエジプト駐在高等弁務官や、返還以前の沖縄におけるアメリカの高等弁務官)を、また、他国と共同統治を行う領土における一国の代表者(たとえば、かつてニュー・へブリデス諸島の英仏共同統治においてそれぞれが任命していた高等弁務官)をさすことがある。つぎに、一定の施政権または行政権を付与された国際機関(ないし1または2以上の国)の代表者(たとえば、国際連盟のダンツィヒ自由市高等弁務官)や、最近ではとくに、人道援助や人権の国際的保障のための活動をする国際機関(たとえば、国連難民高等弁務官、国連人権高等弁務官、OSCE〔欧州安全保障協力機構〕少数民族高等弁務官)をさすことがある。なお、1991~2000年にかけて緒方貞子(おがたさだこ)が国連難民高等弁務官を務めた。さらにまた以上とは別に、2国間の政治関係が通常の外交関係の存在を困難にする際に一政府が他政府に派遣する代表者(かつてのフランスとベトナム)について用いられることもある。 [皆川 洸・川﨑恭治] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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