A drug used to relieve the state of excitement caused by abnormal hyperactivity of the cerebral cortex. Sedative. Used to treat insomnia, anxiety, agony, pain, convulsions, etc. Since even small doses of sleeping pills have a sedative effect, they are classified as sleeping pills and sedatives. Bromine compounds (potassium bromide, sodium bromide, calcium bromide) and valerian were typical drugs, but they are rarely used nowadays. Barbiturates, which are sleeping pills, were also often used for this purpose, but today, only phenobarbital is used. Benzodiazepine drugs, which are minor tranquilizers, and other psychotropic drugs are becoming mainstream, replacing traditional sedatives. Passiflora extract and its combinations are being used as new herbal medicines. [Fumiji Koho] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
大脳皮質の異常な機能亢進(こうしん)による興奮状態を和らげるために用いる薬剤。鎮静剤。不眠、不安、苦悶(くもん)、疼痛(とうつう)、けいれんなどの治療に用いられる。睡眠薬の少量投与が鎮静効果を有するところから、睡眠・鎮静薬として分類される。ブロム化合物(臭化カリウム、臭化ナトリウム、臭化カルシウム)およびカノコソウが代表的薬物であったが、現在ではほとんど用いられていない。睡眠薬のバルビツール酸系もこの目的でよく使用されたが、現在はフェノバルビタール以外はあまり用いられない。マイナートランキライザー(穏和精神安定剤)のベンゾジアゼピン系薬物その他の向精神薬が従来の鎮静薬にかわって主流となりつつある。生薬(しょうやく)ではパッシフローラエキスやその配合剤が新薬として使用されている。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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