...A wall-like structure built to resist earth pressure and prevent the collapse of a cut or filled slope that is in danger of collapsing under natural soil pressure. Retaining walls are broadly divided into two types: stone (concrete block) retaining walls and concrete retaining walls. Concrete retaining walls are further classified according to their structure into gravity retaining walls, semi-gravity retaining walls, cantilever retaining walls, buttress retaining walls, buttress retaining walls (buttress retaining walls and buttress retaining walls are both called buttresses or buttresses), and special retaining walls (see figure). Stone retaining walls are made by piling up stones, and are widely used in general civil engineering works, roads, rivers, railways, etc., where the slope is low. *Some of the terminology that refers to "stone retaining walls" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…切取りや盛土をした法面(のりめん)(斜面のこと)が,自然のままでは土の圧力で崩壊するおそれのあるとき,土圧に抵抗して土の崩れるのを防ぐためにつくられる壁状の構造物。擁壁は石積(コンクリートブロック積)擁壁とコンクリート擁壁の2種に大別され,コンクリート擁壁はその構造により,さらに重力式擁壁,半重力式擁壁,片持梁式擁壁,控え壁擁壁,支え壁擁壁(控え壁擁壁と支え壁擁壁の二つを扶壁(ふへき)あるいはバットレスbuttressという),特殊擁壁などに分類される(図)。石積擁壁は石を積み上げてつくるもので,一般の土木工事,道路,河川,鉄道などで法面の高さが低い場合に盛んに使用される。… ※「石積擁壁」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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