Law of energy distribution

Japanese: エネルギー分布則 - えねるぎーぶんぷそく
Law of energy distribution

...Kinematic theory of gas molecules
[Ergodic hypothesis and statistical ensembles]
The construction of statistical mechanics for thermal equilibrium was not easy, but in 1868 Boltzmann argued that Maxwell's method of deriving velocity distribution, which considers the velocity components of molecules as random variables, contradicts the fact that molecular motion follows Newtonian mechanics, and reconsidered the problem of energy distribution between gas molecules. Focusing on a single molecule in a gas, Boltzmann defined the energy distribution law Φ(A)dA as the proportion of time that the molecule stays in a state with an energy value within the interval ( A , A + dA ) during a unit time, although its energy increases and decreases due to collisions with other molecules. The form of Φ ( A ) is found as Φ( A ) ∝e - hA , a solution to the detailed balance equation. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention the "energy distribution law" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…気体分子運動論
[エルゴード仮説と統計集団]
 熱平衡状態の統計力学の建設はすんなりとはいかなかったが,1868年にボルツマンが,分子の速度成分を確率変数とみるマクスウェルの速度分布の導出法は分子運動がニュートン力学に従うことと矛盾するとし,気体分子間のエネルギー分配問題を考え直したところから始まる。ボルツマンは,気体内の1個の分子に着目すると,そのエネルギーは他分子との衝突により増減するが,単位時間中に区間(A,AdA)内のエネルギー値をとる状態に滞在する割合としてエネルギー分布則Φ(A)dAを定義する。Φ(A)の形は詳細に見たつりあいの式の解としてΦ(A)∝ehAと求まる。…

※「エネルギー分布則」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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