Securities company - shokengaisha

Japanese: 証券会社 - しょうけんがいしゃ
Securities company - shokengaisha

Article 29 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (FIEA), which came into force in September 2007, stipulates that "Financial instruments business may only be conducted by persons registered by the Prime Minister." Securities companies must comply with this provision as financial instruments business operators, and when registering, submit to the Prime Minister a registration application form detailing the company's name, amount of capital, etc., along with financial statements and other supporting documents. The Prime Minister will then register the company in the securities company registry. The reason that the application is submitted to the Prime Minister is because the government agency with jurisdiction over securities companies is the Financial Services Agency, an external bureau of the Cabinet Office, and the head of the Cabinet Office is the Prime Minister.

Securities companies were licensed before World War II, and even after the war, the Securities and Exchange Act of 1947 (Showa 22) continued to require licenses, but in 1948, following the example of the United States, this was changed to a registration system. Later, in 1965, during the securities market slump, a series of securities company failures occurred, and from the perspective of financial stability and investor protection, the system shifted to a licensing system in 1968. Thirty years later, in December 1998, the Securities and Exchange Act was revised as part of the Financial System Reform Act, which was linked to Japan's version of the Financial Big Bang, and the registration system was restored. The Securities and Exchange Act was then renamed the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act in 2006, and remains so to this day.

Looking at the overall situation of securities companies as of the end of 2007, there were 128 full members of the securities exchange (financial instruments exchange) (those who can trade at one of the five exchanges nationwide) (including 13 foreign companies) and 188 non-members (17 non-members), totaling 316 companies (30 non-members). The number of securities companies has fluctuated slightly in recent years due to new entrants, mergers, and closures, but the total number has not changed significantly. However, the number of branches and head offices (from 3,072 at the end of 1992 to 2,270 at the end of 2007) and the number of officers and employees (from 148,306 to 99,139) have declined sharply, reflecting the harsh business environment since the collapse of the bubble economy.

[Gen Takahashi]

"A Book to Understand Securities Companies and the Securities Market, compiled by Daiwa Securities Training Department (1989, HBJ Publishing Bureau) " ▽ "Securities Companies 2004 Edition, by Sugimura Tomio (2002, Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha)" ▽ "Easy Finance for Beginners - 78 Keywords to Understand from the Basics, by Tsukasaki Kimiyoshi and Yamazawa Kotaro (2003, Toyo Keizai Inc.)" ▽ "A Comparison of Japanese Companies: Securities Companies, 2nd Revised Edition, by Sugimura Tomio (2007, Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha)"

[Reference items] | Financial System Reform Act | Financial Instruments and Exchange Act | Financial statements | Securities business | Comprehensive securities account | Securities exchange | Japan Investor Protection Fund | Japan's version of the Financial Big Bang

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

2007年(平成19)9月に施行された「金融商品取引法」(金商法)の第29条には「金融商品取引業は、内閣総理大臣の登録を受けた者でなければ、行うことができない」と定められている。証券会社は金融商品取引業としてこの規定に従い、登録に際しては、商号、資本の額などを記載した登録申請書を財務諸表などの添付書類とともに、内閣総理大臣に提出しなければならない。これを受けて、内閣総理大臣は証券会社登録簿に登録することになる。申請先などが内閣総理大臣となっているのは、証券会社の所管官庁が内閣府の外局である金融庁であり、内閣府の長が内閣総理大臣だからである。

 証券会社については、第二次世界大戦前から免許制がとられ、戦後も1947年(昭和22)制定の「証券取引法」(証取法)では免許制であったが、1948年にアメリカに倣って登録制に改められた。その後、1965年の証券不況時に証券会社の破綻(はたん)が相次いだことから、証券会社の経営安定と投資者保護の観点から、1968年より免許制に移行している。それから30年を経過した1998年12月に、日本版金融ビッグバンに絡んだ「金融システム改革法」の一環として証取法が改正され、登録制に復帰した。その後、証取法は2006年の改正により金商法に名称変更され、現在に至る。

 2007年末現在で証券会社の概況をみると、全国の証券会社数は、証券取引所(金融商品取引所)正会員業者(全国5か所の取引所のいずれかで取引が可能な業者)が128社(うち外国業者13社)、非会員業者が188社(同17社)で、合計316社(同30社)となっている。証券会社数は、近年、新規参入や合併、廃業などで多少の増減が認められるが、総数では大きな変化はみられない。しかし、本支店数(1992年末の3072から2007年末の2270へ)や役・社員数(同14万8306人から同9万9139人へ)は、バブル崩壊後の厳しい経営環境を反映して急減している。

[高橋 元]

『大和証券研修部編『証券会社と証券市場がわかる本』(1989・HBJ出版局)』『杉村富生著『証券会社2004年度版』(2002・実務教育出版)』『塚崎公義、山沢光太郎著『初心者のためのやさしい金融――基礎からわかる78のキーワード』(2003・東洋経済新報社)』『杉村富生著『比較日本の会社 証券会社』新訂2版(2007・実務教育出版)』

[参照項目] | 金融システム改革法 | 金融商品取引法 | 財務諸表 | 証券業 | 証券総合口座 | 証券取引所 | 日本投資者保護基金 | 日本版金融ビッグバン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Securities Salesperson

>>:  Securities printing - shokeninsatsu (English spelling) printing of securities

Recommend

Ghost stories - Kaidanmono

〘 noun 〙 A general term for novels, plays, joruri,...

Winter Button - Kanbotan

...Cultivars are classified according to the numb...

The power to review unconstitutional legislation

This refers to the power of the court to examine ...

Pleve, Vyacheslav Konstantinovich

Born: April 20, 1846 in Kalga Died July 28, 1904. ...

Athyrium niponicum (English spelling)

…[Masahiro Kato]. . . *Some of the terminology th...

Antifouling treatment - Boukakou (English name) antisoiling

A process that makes textile products less suscept...

Syrista similis (English spelling) Syristasimilis

...Insects of this family are widely distributed ...

CAD - Computer Aided Design

Abbreviation of computer aided design. It is trans...

Vijaya (personal name, Sri Lanka) (English spelling) Vijaya

...The population was 10.99 million (1981), accou...

Devşirme (English spelling)

In the Ottoman Empire, Christian children (aged 8 ...

Rokkasho [village] - Rokkasho

A village in Kamikita District, eastern Shimokita ...

X-ray emission method

… [X-ray spectroscopic analysis] X-ray spectrosco...

Inner Kongo

...The mountain is made up of granite rocks with ...

Iga (Clothes Moth) - Iga

A species of the family Tineidae in the order Lepi...

Via Salaria (English)

…(9) Via Clodia: A road stretching north from Rom...