Pseudomembrane - Gyimaku

Japanese: 偽膜 - ぎまく
Pseudomembrane - Gyimaku

Inflammation of biological tissues is classified according to the nature and type of exudate, and when the exudate contains a large amount of fibrin (an insoluble protein produced during blood clotting), it is called fibrinitis. The exudate usually becomes entangled with epithelial cells on the mucosal surface to form a membrane-like substance called a pseudomembrane. Therefore, fibrinitis is also called pseudomembranous inflammation. When the mucosal surface of the bronchi is covered with a thick yellow pseudomembrane, it is called pseudomembranous bronchitis, a lesion specific to diphtheria. Bacterial dysentery caused by infection with Shigella is characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane following edema and congestion in the colonic mucosa, which then necrotizes along with the surrounding tissue, which then peels off to form an irregular, map-like ulcer. Recently, although the cause is unknown, pseudomembranous enteritis has been observed during antibiotic treatment for infectious diseases, after surgery, and in cases of renal failure, and has attracted clinical attention. The pseudomembrane accompanied by necrosis is generally called a scab.

[Yutaka Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生体組織の炎症は滲出(しんしゅつ)物の性状や種類によって分類されるが、滲出物の中に多量の線維素(血液凝固の際に生ずる不溶性のタンパク質)を含んでいる場合を線維素性炎とよぶ。滲出した線維素は粘膜表面で上皮細胞と絡み合って膜様物を形成するのが常であり、これを偽膜という。したがって線維素性炎は偽膜性炎ともよばれる。気管支の粘膜表面が黄色の厚い偽膜で覆われた場合を偽膜性気管支炎とよび、ジフテリアに特有な病変である。また赤痢菌の感染によっておこる細菌性赤痢では、結腸粘膜に浮腫(ふしゅ)、充血に次いで偽膜が形成されることが特徴で、周囲組織とともに壊死(えし)に陥り、これが剥離(はくり)して、不規則な地図状の潰瘍(かいよう)を形成する。また最近では、原因不明ではあるが、感染症の抗生物質による治療中、手術後、腎(じん)不全などの場合に偽膜性腸炎というのがおこり、臨床的に注目されている。なお、偽膜に壊死を伴ったものを一般に痂皮(かひ)とよんでいる。

[渡辺 裕]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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