This is a reaction in which ammonium ions ( NH4 +) are oxidized to nitrite ions ( NO2- ) and then to nitrate ions ( NO3- ) by a group of bacteria called nitrifying bacteria. Ammonia nitrogen such as ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 applied to fields is also nitrified and converted to nitrate nitrogen. This reaction requires oxygen, so nitrification is difficult in paddy fields because the water prevents air from entering, and it only occurs in the very surface layer of the soil. In fields, oxygen is easily supplied from the air, so nitrification is generally active. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
硝化菌と呼ばれる一群の細菌によって,アンモニウムイオンNH4+が亜硝酸イオンNO2-を経由して硝酸イオンNO3-に酸化される反応をいう。畑に施用された硫安(NH4)2SO4などのアンモニア態窒素も硝化され硝酸態窒素に変わる。この反応には酸素が必要なので,水田では水によって空気の侵入が妨げられているために硝化作用が生じにくく,土壌のごく表面の層で生ずるだけである。畑では空気から酸素が供給されやすいので硝化作用は一般に盛んである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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