Fermata (English spelling) Italian

Japanese: フェルマータ - ふぇるまーた(英語表記)fermata イタリア語
Fermata (English spelling) Italian

A performance symbol used in the staff notation of Western music. The word fermata comes from the Italian word fermare, which means "to stop." Originally it was a final symbol placed on a double barline to indicate the end of a piece of music, but its usage gradually expanded. When placed on a single barline, it instructs the performance to have a short pause between the following measures, and in chorales it is placed on a note to indicate a paragraph of lyrics. In music from the Viennese Classical period onwards, it became a symbol placed on a note or rest to instruct the performance of that note or rest to be extended beyond its actual value. However, the degree of extension is not numerically determined.

[Toshiaki Kurosaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

西洋音楽の五線記譜法で用いられる演奏記号で、のこと。フェルマータは、イタリア語で「停止させる」を意味するフェルマーレfermareに語源をもち、元来は複縦線の上に置かれて楽曲の終わりを示す終止記号であったが、しだいにその用法が拡大していった。単縦線の上に置かれれば、続く小節との間に短い休止を挟むように演奏することを指示し、コラールでは音符の上につけられて歌詞の段落を示した。ウィーン古典派以降の音楽では、音符または休符の上につけられて、その音符や休符を本来の時価以上に延ばして演奏するように指示する記号となった。ただし、その延ばす度合いは数値的に定まっていない。

[黒坂俊昭]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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