Zhang Xuecheng - Elementary school student

A historian from the Qianlong to Jiaqing periods of the Qing dynasty in China. He was from Kuaiji (Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province). His courtesy name was Shizhai. He became a Jinshi in 1778 at the age of 41. During the Qianlong period (1736-1795), when textual research was at its height, he constructed a unique historical philosophy that was different from textual research and Song studies, and also developed his own theory on local history records. In particular, his historiographical theory attracted attention after the end of the Qing dynasty, and he was positioned as the most outstanding figure in Eastern Zhejiang history. His works include Wenshi Tongyi, which discusses the study of classics, and Koshu Tongyi, which deals with cataloguing, as well as the editors of Hezhou Zhi, Yongqing Xianzhi, Bozhou Zhi, and Hubei Tongzhi. There is also a compilation of his writings called "Akira's Will."

[Takao Ishibashi March 18, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)朝、乾隆(けんりゅう)～嘉慶(かけい)時代の史学者。会稽(かいけい)（浙江(せっこう)省紹興(しょうこう)県）の人。字(あざな)は実齋。1778年、41歳で進士となる。考証学が全盛の乾隆年間（1736～1795）にあって、考証学や宋学(そうがく)とは異なる特異な歴史哲学を構築したほか、地方志に関しても独自の理論を展開した。とくに、その史学理論は清末以後になって注目されるところとなり、浙東史学におけるもっとも優れた存在として位置づけられた。著書に、経学を論じた『文史通義』、目録学に関する『校讐(こうしゅう)通義』のほか、『和州志』『永清県志』『亳州(はくしゅう)志』『湖北通志』などの編修がある。また著述を編集した『章氏遺書』がある。

［石橋崇雄　2016年3月18日］

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