The length of a chemical bond, that is, the distance between the nuclei of two atoms that are connected by a chemical bond. It is also called the interatomic distance or internuclear distance. Along with the bond angle, it is an important quantity when examining the three-dimensional structure and electronic state of a molecule. It is precisely measured by experiments such as analysis of molecular vibrational and rotational spectra and X-ray and electron diffraction. Since atomic nuclei are constantly vibrating within a molecule, it can be difficult to determine the exact state of the bond distance. Usually, a distinction is made between the distance corresponding to the minimum of the potential curve (equilibrium internuclear distance), the distance corrected for the amplitude of the zero-point vibration, and the average distance distributed among several vibrational levels. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
化学結合の長さ,すなわち化学結合で結ばれた二つの原子の原子核間の距離。原子間距離または核間距離ともいう。結合角とともに分子の立体構造や電子状態を検討するうえで重要な量である。分子の振動・回転スペクトルの解析,X線および電子線回折などの実験により精密に測定されている。分子内では原子核はつねに振動しているので,厳密にはどのような状態での結合間隔かが問題になることがある。通常,ポテンシャル曲線の極小に対応する間隔(平衡核間距離),ゼロ点振動の振幅の補正をした間隔,いくつかの振動準位に分布した状態の平均的な間隔などを区別する。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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