Scholarship system

Japanese: 奨学制度 - しょうがくせいど（英語表記）scholarship system

A system that guarantees educational opportunities by providing scholarships and other assistance to those who have excellent abilities but are not fortunate enough to receive an education due to social and economic conditions. In Japan, it began in the early Meiji period when former feudal domains took care of the tuition fees of students from their domains. After that, scholarship societies were established one after another by former feudal lords, local organizations, businessmen, etc., and a scholarship system funded by government funds was also established. The number of scholarship societies was 80 at the end of the Meiji period, 60 at the end of the Taisho period, and about 600 by 1943. In 1943, the Greater Japan Scholarship Foundation was established based on a proposal made by the National Education Promotion Diet League the previous year, and the Greater Japan Scholarship Foundation Act was enacted the following year, finally establishing a national scholarship system. After World War II, the foundation was reorganized as the Japan Scholarship Foundation, and in 2004 it was reorganized as an independent administrative institution and reorganized as the Japan Student Services Organization. After the war, scholarships provided by the Ikuei Society reflected the popularization of higher education, and the scope and number of recipients was greatly expanded, but the amount per person was less than before the war.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

優れた能力をもちながら社会的経済的条件のため教育を受ける機会に恵まれない者に，奨学金その他の援助を与えて教育の機会を保障する制度。日本では明治初期，旧藩が自藩出身の貢進生などの学資のめんどうをみたのが端緒で，その後旧藩主，地方団体，実業家などによる育英会が次々と誕生，他方官費による給費生制度も生まれた。育英会の設置数は明治末期 80，大正末期 60，1943年約 600。 1943年，前年の国民教育振興議員連盟の建議がもとで財団法人大日本育英会が生まれ，翌年大日本育英会法が制定されてようやく国家的奨学制度が確立した。同会は第2次世界大戦後改組して日本育英会となり，さらに 2004年に独立行政法人化して日本学生支援機構へと改組された。戦後の育英会による奨学金貸与は高等教育の大衆化を反映し，対象範囲と人数は大幅に拡大されたが，1人あたりの金額は戦前に比べて少なくなっている。

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