Quinoline

Japanese: キノリン - きのりん(英語表記)quinoline
Quinoline

A heterocyclic compound containing a nitrogen atom in the ring. It is also called 1-azanaphthalene. It exists in coal tar obtained by carbonization of coal. It has weak basicity.

This is obtained by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to a mixture of nitrobenzene, aniline, and glycerin and heating it. This reaction was first reported in 1880 by Zdenko Hans Skraup (1850-1910) of Austria, and is therefore known as the "Skraup reaction" or "Skraup's quinoline synthesis."

It is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor, and dissolves in hot water, weak acid, ethanol (ethyl alcohol), ether, etc. It has a structure in which a benzene ring and a pyridine ring are condensed, and reduction occurs at the pyridine ring, while strong oxidation breaks the benzene ring to form quinolinic acid. In addition, electrophilic substitution such as nitration is likely to occur on the benzene ring, while nucleophilic substitution such as amination occurs on the pyridine ring. It is an important synthetic raw material for alkaloids and quinoline dyes, and is also used as an analytical reagent.

[Masahiro Hirota]

[References] | Heterocyclic compounds [Supplementary information] | Quinoline (Data Note)
Reaction of quinoline
©Shogakukan ">

Reaction of quinoline


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

環内に窒素原子を含む複素環式化合物の一つ。1-アザナフタレンともいう。石炭の乾留により得られるコールタール中に存在する。弱い塩基性をもっている。

 ニトロベンゼン、アニリン、グリセリンの混合物に濃硫酸を加えて加熱すると得られる。この反応は1880年にオーストリアのスクラウプZdenko Hans Skraup(1850―1910)により最初に報告されたので、「スクラウプ反応」または「スクラウプのキノリン合成」とよばれている。

 不快臭をもつ無色の液体で、熱水、薄い酸、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテルなどに溶ける。ベンゼン環とピリジン環とが縮合した構造をもっていて、還元はピリジン環でおこり、強く酸化するとベンゼン環のほうが壊れてキノリン酸になる。また、ニトロ化などの求電子置換はベンゼン環上におこりやすく、アミノ化などの求核置換はピリジン環上におこる。アルカロイドおよびキノリン染料の重要な合成原料となるほか、分析試薬としての用途をもつ。

[廣田 穰]

[参照項目] | 複素環式化合物[補完資料] | キノリン(データノート)
キノリンの反応
©Shogakukan">

キノリンの反応


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