A subset of an ordered set M , for example, a set A of real numbers, if there exists an element a of M such that if x ∈ A , then x ≦ a , then this is called an upper bound of A. In other words, it is a number that bounds all elements of A from above. An element a of M such that a ≦ x is always called a lower bound. A that has at least one upper bound (or lower bound) is called an upper-bounded (or lower-bounded) set. If M has an upper bound (or lower bound), this is called the maximum element (or minimum element), and is written as max M (or min M ). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
順序集合 M の部分集合,たとえば,ある実数の集合 A に対し,x∈A ならば常に x≦a となるような M の元 a が存在するとき,これを A の上界という。つまり,A のすべての元を上から押える数のことである。常に a≦x となるような M の元 a は,下界といわれる。少くとも1つの上界 (あるいは下界) をもつ A を,上に有界な (あるいは下に有界な) 集合という。 M に上界 (あるいは下界) があれば,これを最大元 (あるいは最小元) と呼び,maxM (あるいは minM ) と書く。
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