This equation expresses the time change in the distribution function of dilute gas molecules and is used when discussing gas transport phenomena. The Boltzmann equation is nonlinear and difficult to solve accurately. Similar equations can be applied to fermions and bosons. In the case of electrons in metals, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity have been calculated. This equation is intuitive, and many attempts have been made to derive it from the general principles of statistical mechanics. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
希薄な気体分子の分布関数の時間変化を表わす方程式で,気体の輸送現象を議論するときなどに用いられる。ボルツマン方程式は非線形で,正確に解くのは困難である。フェルミ粒子 (→フェルミオン ) ,ボース粒子 (→ボソン ) にも同様な方程式を適用できる。金属中の電子の場合には電気伝導率,熱伝導率などが計算されている。この方程式は直観的なもので,統計力学の一般原理からこれを導き出す試みが多くなされている。
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