A bilingual vocabulary and example collection of Chinese and foreign languages compiled during the Ming and Qing dynasties in China. The Four Yi Guan was established in 1407, at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, to translate letters sent by foreign tribute envoys to the Ming emperor. Initially, eight Guan were established: Tatar, Jurchen, Xiban, Xitian, Huihui, Baiyi, Gaochang, and Burma. The Yao Guan and Siam Guan were then added. During the Qing Dynasty, the Guan was renamed the Four Translation Guan, and eight Guan were established, excluding Jurchen and Baiyi, but in the mid-18th century it was merged with the Huitong Guan to become the Huitong Four Translation Guan. The works compiled by these Shiikan libraries are known as the Kayi Yakugo (Translated by Chinese characters). These works are considered to be important linguistic resources for learning the linguistic structure and pronunciation of foreign languages of the time, as well as the sounds of Chinese characters. [Hiroshi Wakamatsu] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、明(みん)・清(しん)代に編集された漢語と外国語との対訳語彙(ごい)・文例集。明初の1407年に四夷館(しいかん)が創設されて、外国の朝貢使が明の皇帝に出す書簡の翻訳をつかさどった。初め、韃靼(だったん)、女直(じょちょく)、西番(せいばん)、西天(せいてん)、回回(かいかい)、百夷(ひゃくい)、高昌(こうしょう)、緬甸(めんでん)の8館が設けられ、ついで八百館、暹羅(せんら)館が増置された。清代には四訳館(しやくかん)と改名し、女直、百夷を除く8館を置いたが、18世紀中ごろ会同館と合併して会同四訳館と名づけられた。このような四夷館で編集されたものが、華夷訳語とよばれる一連の書物である。それらは、当時の外国語の言語構造や発音、あるいは漢字音を知るうえで重要な言語資料とされている。 [若松 寛] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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