...The establishment of museums and zoos as cultural facilities for modernization owes much to the efforts of samurai who joined the European missions at the end of the Edo period, especially Yoshio Tanaka. Tanaka inspected zoos all over Europe, but he seems to have learned a lot from the ménagerie (animal breeding exhibition center) at the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. During the Meiji period, elephants and other animals were donated by foreign emperors, and bears, lions, and giraffes were purchased from the Hagenbeck Zoo and other zoos, turning the zoo into an exhibition center for rare animals and birds. ... From the Zoo…This openness to the public is considered one of the essential conditions for a zoo. The ménagerie (animal breeding house) attached to the Jardin des Plantes in Paris, which was also opened to the public in the 18th century, also occupies an important position in history. It was originally a medicinal and botanical garden called the Jardin des Rois (royal garden), but after the French Revolution it was called the Jardin des Plantes, and in 1793 it was reorganized and expanded to become the National Museum of Natural History, with an animal breeding house set up in one corner of the museum. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "ménagerie" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…近代化のための文化施設として博物館や動物園が設立されるにあたっては幕末の遣欧使節団に加わった武士たち,なかでも田中芳男らの力に負うところが多い。田中はヨーロッパ各地の動物園を視察しているが,わけてもパリのジャルダン・デ・プラントのメナジュリーménagerie(動物飼育展示場)から多くを学んだと思われる。明治時代は外国の皇帝からの寄贈によってゾウなどが来園し,さらにクマやライオン,キリンなどもハーゲンベック動物園などから購入して珍獣珍鳥の展示場と化した。… 【動物園】より…この一般に門戸を開くという点は動物園として欠くことのできない条件の一つと考えられている。 同じく18世紀に公開されたパリのジャルダン・デ・プラント付属のメナジュリーménagerie(動物飼育場)も歴史上重要な位置を占めている。もともとジャルダン・デ・ロア(王室の庭)とよばれる薬草園兼植物園であったが,フランス革命後ジャルダン・デ・プラントと呼ばれ,さらに1793年に改組拡充されて国立自然誌博物館となり,その一隅に動物の飼育場が設けられた。… ※「ménagerie」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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