Shunyokai - Shunyokai

An art group for Western painting and printmaking. In 1920 (Taisho 9), Kosugi Misei (later Hoan), Yamamoto Kanae, Kurata Hakuyo, Adachi Genichiro, Morita Tsunetomo, Hasegawa Noboru, and newly returned Umehara Ryuzaburo joined the group, and the group was founded in January 1949. The group welcomed three members from the Inten group, including Ishii Tsuruzo, and members from the former Sodosha group, including Kimura Shohachi, Kishida Ryusei, Tsubaki Sadao, Nakagawa Kazumasa, and Yorozu Tetsugoro, as visiting members. The group announced its purpose of founding not as a social rebellion against existing groups, but simply as a fateful meeting of the minds of artists. The following year, the first exhibition was held, and in 1941, the visiting member system was abolished and a members-only system was established. Since then, an exhibition open to the public has been held every spring. After that, there was a lot of change in members, such as the withdrawal of Umehara and Kishida, but in the Taisho period, it was a powerful group that rivaled the Teiten and Nika, and produced such talented artists as Migishi Kotaro and Chokai Seiji. In the early days, the dark colors of the Kusadosha style, the Nanga taste, and Japanese oil painting were prominent, but later, modernity was added, and after World War II, the activities of Oka Shikanosuke, Kayama Shiro, Migumo Shonosuke, Nakatani Tai, Hasegawa Kiyoshi, Komai Tetsuro, and Kitaoka Fumio in the printmaking department became prominent. A stage art department was temporarily established from 1951 to 1986.

[Eriko Saeki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

洋画、版画の美術団体。1920年（大正9）院展洋画部を脱退した小杉未醒(みせい)（のち放庵(ほうあん)）、山本鼎(かなえ)、倉田白洋(はくよう)、足立(あだち)源一郎、森田恒友(つねとも)、長谷川(はせがわ)昇に新帰朝の梅原龍三郎(りゅうざぶろう)を加えた会員が、院展系の石井鶴三(つるぞう)ら3名と旧草土社(そうどしゃ)系の木村荘八(しょうはち)、岸田劉生(りゅうせい)、椿貞雄(つばきさだお)、中川一政(かずまさ)、萬(よろず)鉄五郎らを客員として迎え22年1月に創設。既成団体への社会的反抗としてではなく、単なる芸術家の心をもって因縁相熟したるものとの結成主旨を発表した。翌年第1回展を開催、さらに24年客員制を廃して会員制とし、以後毎年春に公募展を行っている。その後、梅原、岸田の脱退など会員の移動は頻繁であるが、大正期には帝展、二科と鼎立(ていりつ)する勢力をもち、三岸好太郎(みぎしこうたろう)や鳥海青児(ちょうかいせいじ)などの異才を世に送った。初期には草土社風の暗い色調や南画趣味ないし日本的油絵志向が顕著であったが、その後近代性を加え、第二次世界大戦後は岡鹿之助(しかのすけ)、加山四郎、三雲(みぐも)祥之助、中谷泰(たい)や版画部の長谷川潔(はせがわきよし)、駒井哲郎(こまいてつろう)、北岡文雄などの活躍が目だっている。なお51年（昭和26）から61年まで、一時舞台美術部が設けられた。

［佐伯英里子］

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