Dredger - dredger

Japanese: 浚渫船 - しゅんせつせん(英語表記)dredger
Dredger - dredger

A ship that digs up soil and sand from the bottom of the water to make it deeper. It is equipped with machinery specifically for dredging and is used in river and port construction. It is classified according to the dredging method, but there are four main types:

(1) Pump dredger A powerful pump is used to suck up soil and sand from a suction pipe along with water, and the sediment is then sent to land through a discharge pipe floating on the water. A grid is attached to the end of the suction pipe to prevent large stones or wood from being sucked in, and a rotary cutter is attached if the bottom of the water is hard. As it is suitable for a variety of soil types, it is often used in large-scale land reclamation work such as the development of coastal industrial sites.

(2) Dipper dredgers: These dredgers use a dipper-shaped vessel similar to that of a power shovel to scoop up soil and sand. They may also be fitted with rock-breaking equipment to dredge hard bedrock. They have strong digging power and are used in port construction projects where there is a lot of hard soil or rocks. The excavated soil and sand are transported to land by soil carriers. Most pump dredgers and dipper dredgers are non-self-propelled and do not have propulsion systems.

(3) Grab dredgers: Grab buckets are dropped to the bottom of the water to grab the sediment. Although they have a small dredging capacity, they are maneuverable and useful for dredging in tight spaces. They are also often used when the sediment is heterogeneous or the water depth changes a lot. Some dredgers have a hold for the sediment and are self-propelled.

(4) Drag Suction Dredger: The dredger sucks up sediment from the bottom of the water as it moves. The sediment is put into a mud tank, and when the tank is full, it sails to a dump site, opens the bottom door of the tank, and dumps the sediment.

[Morita Tomoharu]

Dredge Excavation Method (1)
©Shogakukan ">

Dredge Excavation Method (1)

Dredge Excavation Method (2)
©Shogakukan ">

Dredge Excavation Method (2)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

水底の土や砂を掘り取って水深を深くする船。浚渫専用の機械を備え、河川や港湾の工事に用いられる。浚渫方式により分類されているが、おもなものは次の4種である。

(1)ポンプ浚渫船 強力なポンプで吸込管から土砂を水とともに吸い上げ、水上に浮かせた排送管で陸上へ送る。吸込管の先端に、大きな石や木材などを吸い込まないように格子をつけ、また水底が固い場合には回転式のカッターを取り付けたりする。いろいろな土質に適するので、臨海工業用地の造成など大規模な埋立て工事に多く用いられる。

(2)ディッパー浚渫船 パワーショベルに似た柄杓(ひしゃく)型のディッパーで土砂をかき上げる。硬い岩盤を浚渫するために砕岩装置を取り付けることもある。掘削力が強く、硬い土質や岩石が多い港湾工事などに使われる。掘り取った土砂は土運船で陸上に運ぶ。ポンプ浚渫船とディッパー浚渫船は、ほとんどが推進装置のない非自航式である。

(3)グラブ浚渫船 グラブバケットを水底に落下させて土砂をつかみ上げる。浚渫能力は小さいが、小回りがきくので狭い場所の浚渫に便利である。また、土砂が不均質であったり、水深の変化が多い場合にもよく使用される。土砂を入れる船倉をもち自航するものもある。

(4)ドラグ・サクション浚渫船 船を走らせながら水底の土砂を吸い上げる。土砂は泥倉に入れ、泥倉がいっぱいになると捨土地まで航走し、泥倉の底の扉を開いて捨てる。

[森田知治]

浚渫船の掘削法(1)
©Shogakukan">

浚渫船の掘削法(1)

浚渫船の掘削法(2)
©Shogakukan">

浚渫船の掘削法(2)


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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