Moritz Schlick

Japanese: シュリック - しゅりっく(英語表記)Moritz Schlick
Moritz Schlick

German philosopher. Born in Berlin. He obtained his doctorate at the University of Berlin with a dissertation on physics as a student of Max Planck. After teaching at several universities, including the University of Kiel, he became a professor at the University of Vienna in 1922. He also taught at American universities during that time. Together with Neurath, Carnap, Friedrich Waismann (1896-1959), Gödel and others who were also educated in natural science, he founded the Vienna Circle, which attempted to reorganize philosophy based only on verifiable propositions, and was a central figure in the circle's activities, publishing manifestos, holding international conferences, and publishing journals. Unlike the extreme physicalism of Neurath and Carnap, he advocated the independence of language to describe mental phenomena, and was said to be a right-wing member of the Vienna Circle. In 1936, he was assassinated by a mentally disabled student. Soon after, members of the circle fled to foreign countries to avoid Nazi oppression, and logical positivism was beginning to collapse internally, so he is sometimes said to be a symbol of this ideology and its rise and fall. His major works include "General Epistemology" (1918) and "Thoughts on Ethics" (1930).

[Natsuhiko Yoshida February 17, 2015]

[References] | Vienna Circle | Logical Positivism

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの哲学者。ベルリン生まれ。ベルリン大学で、マックス・プランクの弟子として物理学の論文で学位をとった。キール大学などいくつかの大学で教えたのち、1922年からウィーン大学教授となる。その間にアメリカの大学に教えに行ったこともある。彼同様に自然科学の素養があったノイラート、カルナップ、ワイスマンFriedrich Waismann(1896―1959)、ゲーデルなどとともに、検証可能な命題だけを基礎に哲学を再編成しようとするウィーン学団を結成し、宣言を発表し、国際会議を開き、機関誌を発行するなど、この学団の活動の中心人物であった。ノイラートやカルナップの極端な物理主義とは異なり、精神現象について述べる言語の独立性を説き、ウィーン学団のなかでは右派といわれる。1936年、彼は精神に障害をもっていた学生に暗殺された。まもなく学団のメンバーはナチスの弾圧を避けて諸外国に亡命し、論理実証主義の内部崩壊が始まりかけたので、彼はこの主義と興亡をともにしたシンボルのようにいわれることがある。主著に『一般認識論』(1918)、『倫理学考』(1930)などがある。

[吉田夏彦 2015年2月17日]

[参照項目] | ウィーン学団 | 論理実証主義

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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