A lake that fills all or most of a caldera (a volcanic crater-shaped depression with a diameter of more than about 2 kilometers). Calderas that form lake basins are often formed by collapse, although other causes such as volcanic eruptions and erosion are also thought to be involved. This refers to a caldera where most of the caldera floor is filled with water, and is distinct from crater lakes that only occupy a part of the caldera (e.g. Lake Haruna and Lake Ashinoko). Like crater lakes, they become suddenly deeper from the shore and have a wide, flat lake bottom, and are deep for their area. The shape of the lake basin can be circular, such as Lake Tazawa in Akita Prefecture or the caldera lake Crater Lake in Crater Lake National Park in the United States, or it can be shaped like a comma-shaped jewel, such as Lake Mashu and Lake Shikotsu in Hokkaido, due to the eruption of a central crater cone, or it can be circular, such as Lake Toya in Hokkaido, due to a volcanic island on the lake bottom. Lake Towada is an example of an irregular lake shoreline, caused by the connection of a caldera with a volcanic island or the crater of a peninsula. Most of Japan's deep lakes are caldera lakes. [Kazunori Mori] [References] | | |The deepest lake in Japan (423.4m). A caldera lake formed by the collapse of the Tazawa volcano. On the lakeshore stands a statue of the legendary Princess Tatsuko (made by Funakoshi Yasutake). Mount Akita-Komagatake can be seen in the background. Senboku City, Akita Prefecture © Akita Prefecture Tourism Division "> Lake Tazawa One of the most well-known caldera lakes. An island on the central crater cone floats in the lake. It is one of the centers of Shikotsu-Toya National Park, and is visited by approximately one million tourists annually. The photo shows the view from the south shore, with Mt. Yotei towering in the background. Sobetsu Town and Toyako Town, Usu District, Hokkaido © Sobetsu Town Economic and Environmental Affairs Division, Commerce, Industry and Tourism Office "> Lake Toya A double caldera lake formed by a volcanic eruption that collapsed. It is the third deepest in Japan. The lake is surrounded by the caldera's outer rim. It is the center of Towada-Hachimantai National Park, and during the autumn foliage season it presents the best scenery in the Tohoku region. Lake Nakako is in the foreground of the photo. Nationally designated Special Place of Scenic Beauty Nationally designated Natural Monument Towada City, Aomori Prefecture / Kosaka Town, Kazuno District, Akita Prefecture © Aomori Prefecture "> Lake Towada The central crater cone, Kamuinupuri, filled up part of the caldera, and water pooled in the depression, forming a lake. It is known for its high transparency and frequent occurrence of fog. Kamuishu Island (Benten Island) is located near the center of the lake. Akan Mashu National Park. Teshikaga Town, Kawakami District, Hokkaido ©Fam. Kanagawa "> Lake Mashu Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カルデラcaldera(火山性の火口状凹地で直径が約2キロメートルより大きいもの)の全部ないしは大半に水をたたえた湖。湖盆を形成するカルデラは陥没によって生じることが多く、ほかに火山爆発や侵食などの成因も考えられている。カルデラ床のほとんどに湛水(たんすい)している場合をさし、カルデラの一部だけを占める火口原湖(例、榛名湖(はるなこ)・芦ノ湖(あしのこ))とは区別される。湖岸から急に深くなり、湖底が平坦(へいたん)で広いことは火口湖と同じで、面積のわりに深度は大きい。 湖盆の形態は、秋田県の田沢湖やアメリカ合衆国のクレーター・レーク国立公園にあるカルデラ湖クレーター・レークのように円形のこともあり、中央火口丘の噴出のため北海道の摩周湖や支笏湖(しこつこ)のように勾玉(まがたま)状をなしたり、湖底に火山島をもつため北海道の洞爺湖(とうやこ)のように環状となることもある。十和田湖は、カルデラと火山島や半島の火口とが連結したために湖岸線が不規則となった例である。日本の深い湖の大部分はカルデラ湖である。 [森 和紀] [参照項目] | | |日本最深(423.4m)の湖。田沢火山の陥没によって生じたカルデラ湖。湖岸には伝説の辰子姫の像(舟越保武作)が建つ。写真後方は秋田駒ヶ岳。秋田県仙北市©秋田県観光課"> 田沢湖 代表的なカルデラ湖の一つ。湖中には中央火口丘の中島が浮かぶ。支笏洞爺国立公園の一中心をなし、年間約100万人の観光客が訪れる。写真は南岸からの眺望で、後方には羊蹄山がそびえる。北海道有珠郡壮瞥町・洞爺湖町©壮瞥町経済環境課商工観光室"> 洞爺湖 火山の噴火により陥没してできた二重式カルデラ湖。深さは日本第3位。湖の周囲をカルデラの外輪山が取り巻く。十和田八幡平国立公園の中心をなし、紅葉時には東北随一の景観を呈する。写真手前は中湖。国指定特別名勝 国指定天然記念物 青森県十和田市/秋田県鹿角郡小坂町©青森県"> 十和田湖 中央火口丘カムイヌプリがカルデラの一部を埋め、その窪地に水がたまって形成された湖。透明度の高いことと霧の発生の多いことで知られる。湖の中央付近にはカムイシュ島(弁天島)がある。阿寒摩周国立公園域。北海道川上郡弟子屈町©Fam. Kanagawa"> 摩周湖 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Caldera Wall - Caldera Wall
…Even among those who oppose active euthanasia, t...
…The subject of psychology research was expanded ...
…He was known for his elegant conducting without ...
Yellow cover. 3 volumes. Written by Koikawa Haruma...
… [Shinji Takano]. … *Some of the terminology tha...
The Persian Gulf, known as the Arabian Gulf in Ar...
…An island in the western part of the Republic of...
A former town in Kanzaki County, central Shiga Pre...
◎ It tends to occur in the lower lumbar vertebrae ...
Born: September 13, 1878 in Saitama [Died] Novembe...
...At the age of 20, she married the Kurachi fami...
...Due to insufficient cough reflex, phlegm accum...
A poetry magazine. From April 1926 (Taisho 15) to...
…When m = 6, 1,5 is an irreducible coset. The fun...
A German family of painters active during the Rena...