It is a type of Markov process that takes natural numbers and models the change in the population of a biological population over time, with the population increasing due to the birth of new individuals and decreasing due to death. Let the population size at time t be X ( t ), and let the probability of an increase from n to 1 during the infinitesimal time interval ( t , t + h ) be λnh + o ( h ), the probability of a decrease from n to n -1 be μnh + o ( h ) ( λn , μn are non-negative constants), and the probability of a change greater than 1 be o ( h ). If we write Pn ( t ) to be the probability of being in state n at time t , then we get Pn ' ( t )=-( λn + μn ) Pn ( t ) + λn - 1 Pn - 1 ( t ) + μn +1 Pn + 1 ( t ) P0 ' ( t )=- λ0 P0 ( t ) + μ1 P1 ( t ) ( n ≧1). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
生物集団の個体数の時間的推移をモデルとする,自然数の値をとるマルコフ過程の一種であって,新たな個体の出生によって増加し,死亡によって減少する。時刻tにおける個体数をX(t)とし,微少時間間隔(t,t+h)の間にnから1だけ増加する確率をλnh+o(h),nからn-1に減少する確率をμnh+o(h)(λn,μnは負でない定数),1より大きな変化が起こる確率はo(h)であるとする。時刻tで状態nにある確率をPn(t)とかき,とおけば, Pn′(t)=-(λn+μn)Pn(t) +λn-1Pn-1(t)+μn+1Pn+1(t) P0′(t)=-λ0P0(t)+μ1P1(t) (n≧1) が得られる。
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