Ankole; Nkole

Japanese: アンコーレ族 - アンコーレぞく（英語表記）Ankole; Nkole

The Banyankole are an inter-lake Bantu people living in the grasslands of Uganda, west of Lake Victoria and east of Lake Edward, with an estimated population of about 1.4 million. They are made up of two groups of different origins, the Hima cattle herders and the Ilu sedentary farmers. They have a common history spanning four centuries and share many commonalities, such as a patrilineal clan system, but they are strictly separate politically and socially. The Ankole have maintained a powerful kingdom with a divine king called Mugabe since the 16th century, while the Hima formed a warrior and ruling class that was personally connected to the king through a relationship called okutoiza (protective relationship), while the Ilu were subordinate to the Hima. Intermarriage between the two classes was strictly prohibited, and the Hima had the privilege of owning cattle (especially female cattle), which was a traditional symbol of prestige. However, after British colonial rule, the values that had supported Castor's control over the Ilu collapsed, and as the market value of agricultural products increased, the Ilu's economic and social status also improved.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

バニャンコーレ族 Banyankoleともいう。ウガンダのビクトリア湖の西，エドワード湖の東の草原地帯に住む湖間バンツー語系諸族で，人口約 140万と推定される。起源の異なる2集団，牛牧民のヒマ人と定住農耕民のイル人で構成される。両者は4世紀にわたる歴史をともにし，父系氏族制度など共通する部分も多いが，政治的，社会的には厳格に区別されていた。アンコーレは 16世紀以来，ムガベと呼ばれる神聖王を戴く強力な王国を維持してきたが，ヒマはオクトイザ (保護関係) という関係を通じて王と個人的に結びついた戦士，支配階層を形づくり，一方イルはこれらヒマに仕える従属的地位におかれていた。両階層の通婚はきびしく禁止され，伝統的な威信の象徴であった牛 (とりわけ雌牛) の所有もヒマの特権であった。しかしイギリスによる植民地支配以降，ヒマのイルに対する支配を支えていた諸価値がくずれ，農作物の市場価値の上昇とともにイルの経済的，社会的地位も向上してきた。

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