Liberation Area - Kaihoku

The original language is Chinese. It means an area where reactionary rule was overthrown and people's power was established. It was used by the Communist Party of China to refer to the areas that the Communist Party led military liberated from the rule of the Japanese army, puppet army, and Kuomintang army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the postwar civil war with the Kuomintang. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the liberated areas of Northeast, North China, and Central China during the civil war, centered on Yan'an, were famous. These areas became the base of Communist power as the Communist Party carried out political, economic, social, and cultural reforms, and the liberated areas were later expanded and integrated to become an important foundation for the establishment of national power. After World War II, areas controlled by anti-government forces against foreign forces and puppet government forces were called "liberated areas" in Asia, including South Vietnam, southern Africa, Latin America, and Afghanistan. Also, during the height of the May 1960s Paris revolution and university protests in Japan, revolutionary local spaces where students and citizens occupied corners of universities or towns, cut off the control of state power, and brought order through their own power were called "liberated zones."

[Masashi Ando]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

原語は中国語。反動的な支配を覆し、人民の権力を樹立した地域の意味で、中国共産党が日中戦争期、戦後の国民党との内戦期に、共産党の指導する軍隊が日本軍、傀儡(かいらい)軍、国民党軍の支配から解放した地域をさすのに用いた。日中戦争期、延安(えんあん)を中心として、日本軍占領下の華北・華中の農村地帯、内戦期の東北・華北・中原(ちゅうげん)の解放区が有名。そこでは共産党によって政治、経済、社会、文化面での改革が遂行されることにより、これら地域が共産党勢力の基盤となり、のちに解放区は拡大・統合されて全国的権力を樹立する重要な基礎となった。第二次世界大戦後、中国以外でも南ベトナムなどアジア、アフリカ南部、中南米、アフガニスタンで、外国勢力、傀儡政府軍に対する反体制勢力の支配する地域を「解放区」と称した。また、1960年代後半のパリの五月革命や日本の大学闘争の盛んな一時期、大学や町の一角を占拠して、国家権力の支配を遮断し、学生、市民の権力によって秩序化した革命的地域空間を「解放区」と称したこともある。

［安藤正士］

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