Bishop - English

Japanese: 主教 - しゅきょう(英語表記)bishop 英語
Bishop - English

It is a term used in Christian Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Anglican Church, and is equivalent to a bishop in the Roman Catholic Church. The original word means overseer, and is sometimes called bishop. It is said to have inherited the mission of the twelve apostles of Christ, and the college of bishops, which is a gathering of them, bears the highest responsibility within the church. Their duties and authority are almost the same as those of bishops in the Catholic Church, and they work with subordinate priests to pastoralize the faithful, govern parishes, and spread the gospel. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, bishops are not allowed to marry. Furthermore, the higher-ranking bishops in the Eastern Orthodox Church are patriarchs, metropolitans, and archbishops, and currently the highest-ranking bishop in the Orthodox Church of Japan is a metropolitan. In the Anglican Church of Japan, the highest-ranking bishop is called the primate. In ancient times, the five archbishops of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople, and Jerusalem were called patriarchs and were given great religious authority.

[Yoshio Tsuruoka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

キリスト教の東方正教会、聖公会などでの用語で、ローマ・カトリック教会の司教に相当する。原語は監督者の意味で、監督とよばれることもある。キリストの十二使徒の使命を継ぐものとされ、その集まりである主教団は教会内で最高の責任を担う。その職務、権能はカトリック教会の司教とほぼ同じで、下位にある司祭と協力して、信徒の司牧、教区の統治、福音(ふくいん)の宣教を行う。東方正教会では、主教の妻帯は認められていない。また主教のなかの上位者として、東方正教会では総主教、府主教、大主教があり、現在、日本ハリストス正教会の最高位者は府主教である。日本聖公会では最上位者は首座主教とよばれている。古代では、ローマ、アレクサンドリア、アンティオキア、コンスタンティノープル、エルサレムの五大主教(アーチビショップ)(大司教)は、とくに総主教(パトリアーク)(総大司教)とよばれ、大きな宗教的権威が与えられていた。

[鶴岡賀雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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