The meaning of the term is "teachings about things at the end (eschaton) (i.e. the ultimate destiny of the world and humanity)." Eschatological ideas are found in Buddhist Latter Days of the Law and in various other religions, philosophies, and literature, but the most typical are found in Judaism and Christianity, which have the most comprehensive eschatological doctrine. Eschatology is a view of history that runs through the Old Testament. According to this view, world history is moving toward the end, and at this end, God's ultimate judgment will be passed on the various nations of humanity, and the people of Israel, purified by the trials, will be saved and human history will reach completion. The idea of the long-awaited Messiah who will bring salvation to Israel, which considers the end of the world to be the time of the Messiah's appearance, was also part of Jewish eschatology. Christianity gives its own interpretation to Jewish eschatology, and believes that the end of the world, the time of salvation, has already begun, and finds the end of the world and salvation prophesied in the Old Testament in the life, death, and resurrection of Christ. It also looks forward to the ultimate completion of world history and the arrival of the Kingdom of God in the future, when Christ will return as the judge of mankind. Jewish eschatology supported the people of Israel (Jews) in their fate of suffering, but the anticipation of Christ's second coming similarly creates constant hope in God as the ruler of human history, and is considered essential to Christian faith as the source of courage to live a life full of absurdity and suffering. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
語義は「終末における事物 eschaton (すなわち世界と人類の逢着する究極的な運命) についての教え」の意。終末論的発想は仏教の末法思想やそのほかさまざまな宗教,思想,文学に見出されるが,その典型は最も包括的な終末論を教義とするユダヤ教,キリスト教に見出される。終末論は旧約聖書を貫く歴史観である。それによれば,世界の歴史は終末に向って進んでおり,この終末において人類の諸民族に究極的な神の審判が下り,試練によって清められたイスラエルの民には救済がもたらされるとともに,人類史が完成に到達するものと考えられた。イスラエルに救いをもたらすメシア待望の思想も,終末をメシア出現の時とするもので,ユダヤ教終末論の一部をなすものであった。キリスト教はユダヤ教の終末論に独自の解釈を与え,キリスト教とともに救いの時である終末がすでに始ったとして旧約聖書において預言されていた終末と救いをキリストの生涯,死,復活のうちに見出すものであるが,さらに究極的な世界史の完成と神の国の到来をキリストが人類の審判者として来る再臨の時として未来に待望する。ユダヤ教の終末論はイスラエルの民 (ユダヤ人) を苦難の運命のなかで支える力となったが,同様にキリスト再臨の待望は人類の歴史の支配者としての神に対する不断の希望を生み出し,不条理や苦難に満ちた人生を生きる勇気の根源として,キリスト教信仰に不可欠なものとされている。
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