Thirteen mounds - Jusanzuka

Japanese: 十三塚 - じゅうさんづか
Thirteen mounds - Jusanzuka

A mound with a legend that 13 war dead are buried there. In Ibi County, Gifu Prefecture, there is the Jusanzuka, where 13 samurai from the Ogaki Domain who were killed by the Ibi Domain are buried. There are 13 mounds, and a memorial service is held every year on February 13th. Two nearby temples take turns chanting sutras every year, and the villagers take turns staying there and treating everyone to a feast. In the case of the other Jusanzuka, the number of mounds may be more or less, but most of them agree on the number 13. However, among them, there is one mound that is larger than the others, and six small mounds are lined up on either side of it, or a line with a large mound at the front, or the small mounds are surrounding the large mound. There are many other names for the Jusanzuka. Nagazuka, which is thought to have arisen from the arrangement of the mounds, and Yamabushizuka, which is thought to have been involved in the construction of the mounds, are examples. Note that the name Taishozuka is related to Taishogunzuka or Shogunzuka, which are thought to be the gods of the border. It is reminiscent of the Mongolian Obo, which is close to the Thirteen Tombs on the mountain pass, but at present the most plausible theory is that it was an altar to Shoten and the Twelve Deities, set up in Shingon Buddhist practice to appease and ward off evil spirits.

[Masaru Sasaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

13人の戦死者が埋められているなどという伝説をもつ塚。岐阜県揖斐(いび)郡には、揖斐藩の者に殺された13人の大垣藩の侍を埋めたという十三塚がある。13個の塚があり、毎年2月13日に塚供養を行っている。近くの2寺が毎年交代でお経をあげ、村内では順番に宿になって皆に御馳走(ごちそう)をするという。他の十三塚の場合も、塚の数に過不足もあるが、多くは13という数で一致している。ただそのなかに他より大きい塚が一つあって、その左右に6個ずつ小塚が並んでいたり、大塚を先頭に一列になっていたり、大塚の周りを小塚が囲むようになっていたりする。十三塚の別称も多種みられる。塚の配列から生じたと思われる長塚、塚の築造に関与したのではないかと考えられる山伏塚などはその一例である。なお、大将塚という名称は、境の神と考えられる大将軍塚または将軍塚との関係で注意される。モンゴルのオボとよばれるものが峠道の十三の塚と近いことを思わせるが、現在のところ、真言宗の行法において悪霊を鎮め防ぐために設けた聖天(しょうてん)と十二天の祭壇であったという説が、もっとも説得力があるようである。

[佐々木勝]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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