Hisataka Oishi - Oishi Hisataka

Japanese: 大石久敬 - おおいし・ひさたか

Year of death: 1794
Year of birth: September 20, 1725 (October 25, 1725)
A scholar of agricultural policy in the mid-Edo period. The fifth son of Koga Sadafusa, a samurai of the Kurume domain in Chikugo Province (Fukuoka Prefecture). He was adopted by Oishi Sadaharu Tsunehisa, the headman of Jojima Village, Kurume (Jojima Town, Mizuma County), and took over as headman at the age of 17, taking the name Kanji Hisayoshi. His pen name was Shikyo, and he was commonly known as Ijuro. He also called himself Ganka. In 1754 (the 4th year of the Horeki era), when he was 30 years old, a major uprising broke out in the Kurume domain, targeting the headman, wealthy farmers, and government merchants within the domain, and tens of thousands of peasants made a strong appeal for the abolition of the silver tax per person. The domain accepted the farmers' side of the argument, confining 25 headmen to their homes while investigations were ongoing, and executing Takamatsu Hachirobei, the headman of Mii Village, Mii County (Kurume City). One theory is that this punishment was the result of the domain fearing a reprimand from the shogunate and having Hisakata and five other village headmen decide who would be sentenced by drawing lots. Believing the punishment to be unjust, Hisakata consulted with his relatives and fled, wandering from province to province for the next 30 years. After passing through various parts of Kyushu, he left Osaka for Kyoto and became a blue samurai under Seikanji Hidesada. He then served many nobles, before traveling through Omi, Shinano, Kai and other provinces before arriving in Edo. During this time of wandering he is said to have become well versed in agriculture and agricultural policy. In 1783 (Tenmei 3), while working as a clerk for a hatamoto samurai in Edo, he was recommended by Yamamoto Kanjuro, a samurai of the Takasaki domain, and employed by the domain. He was given a stipend of 100 koku and 17 ryo of gold, and was assigned to the county office in charge of managing rural areas as a horseman, and in the following year he was promoted to county magistrate. In 1791, he was ordered by the feudal lord Matsudaira Terukazu to write a history of local agricultural administration, and began writing the 16-volume "Chiho-Honreiroku." In August of the same year, he completed the dedication of 11 volumes and passed away at the age of 70. The remaining 5 volumes were left unfinished. <References> "Chiho-Honreiroku" (Edited and annotated by Oishi Shinzaburo) Volumes 1 and 2

(Sadayuki Inoue)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：寛政6(1794)
生年：享保10.9.20(1725.10.25)
江戸中期の農政学者。筑後国(福岡県)久留米藩士古賀貞房の第5子。久留米在城島村(三潴郡城島町)の大庄屋大石貞治紹久の養子となり,17歳で大庄屋役を継ぎ,勘治久敬と名乗る。字は士恭,通称猪十郎。巌華と号した。宝暦4(1754)年,30歳のとき,領内の大庄屋,豪農,御用商人などを攻撃対象とする久留米藩の大一揆が起こり,百姓数万人が人別銀の廃止などを強訴した。藩は農民側のいい分を受け入れ,大庄屋25人を詮議中閉門処分としたうえ,御井郡御井村(久留米市)の大庄屋高松八郎兵衛を処刑した。この処分は,藩が幕府の戒告を恐れ,久敬ら5人の大庄屋にくじ引きで受刑者を決めさせた結果とする説もある。処分を不当とした久敬は親戚と相談のうえ出奔,以後30年ほど諸国を流浪した。九州各地を経て大坂から京都に出て清閑寺秀定の青侍となり,次いで多くの公家に仕えたのち,近江,信濃,甲斐などを遍歴し江戸に入る。この流浪の間に農学,農政に精通したという。江戸で旗本の手代などを勤めていた天明3(1783)年59歳のとき,高崎藩士山本勘十郎の推挙で,同藩に召し抱えられた。禄は100石金17両,馬廻格で農村差配の郡方に配属され,同8年には郡奉行に昇進。寛政3(1791)年,藩主松平輝和から地方農政の沿革の著述を命ぜられ,『地方凡例録』全16巻の著述にとりかかる。同6年8月に11巻分の献本を終え,70歳で没した。残り5巻は未完のまま残された。<参考文献>大石慎三郎校訂・解説『地方凡例録』上下

(井上定幸)

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