Schwitters, Kurt

Japanese: シュウィッタース(英語表記)Schwitters, Kurt
Schwitters, Kurt
Born: June 20, 1887, Hanover
Died: January 8, 1948. Ambleside, England. German artist. Known as the Hannover Dadaist. He studied at the Dresden Academy from 1909 to 1914, learning traditional painting techniques, but was influenced by W. Kandinsky and F. Marc, and painted Cubist-expressionist works around 1917-1918, and in 1918 he began painting abstract paintings. At the end of that year, he started making collages in Hannover, pasting together scraps of old newspapers, advertisements, and fragments of everyday items. In 1919, he happened to come across the word MERZ in a collage, and used it to name this type of work, and also as the title of a magazine he published in 1923. He established his position as an avant-garde artist by exhibiting his works at the Sturm Galerie in Berlin in 1918, and participated in the Abstraction Création in Paris in 1932. He fled to Norway to escape Nazi oppression in 1933, and then to England in 1940. He also experimented with architecture made from junk, which came to be called Merz architecture. His representative works include "Constellation" (1920) and "Cherries" (21, Museum of Modern Art, New York).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1887.6.20. ハノーバー
[没]1948.1.8. イギリス,アンブルサイド
ドイツの美術家。ハノーバーのダダイストとして知られる。 1909~14年ドレスデンのアカデミーで学び,伝統的画法を身につけたが W.カンディンスキーと F.マルクの影響を受け,17~18年頃にはキュビスム的表現主義の作品を描き,18年には抽象画を描くにいたった。この年の暮れからハノーバーで古新聞,広告などの切れ端や日用品の断片を拾い集めて画面に張合せるコラージュを始めた。 19年に制作したコラージュ中にたまたま見出された語 MERZ (メルツ) をとってこの種の作品の呼称とし,また 23年に出版した雑誌の題名ともした。 18年にベルリンのシュトルム画廊に出品して前衛画家としての地位を確立し,32年パリのアブストラクシオン・クレアシオンに参加。 33年ナチスの弾圧を逃れてノルウェーへ,次いで 40年イギリスに亡命した。がらくたを集めた建築も試み,メルツ建築と呼ばれた。代表作『星座』 (1920) ,『さくらんぼ』 (21,ニューヨーク近代美術館) 。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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