One of India's most representative dances. It is a form in which one dancer plays multiple roles, and is currently performed mainly in the southeastern part of Tamil Nadu, especially in the city of Madras. It was originally passed down by women who belonged to Hindu temples, called devadāsi (servants of God), but as the feudal system developed, it also began to be danced at the courts of monarchs and feudal lords. However, the devadasis eventually became like courtesans, and the dance fell into decline. In the early 20th century, with the movement to rediscover ancient culture, Bharata Natyam left temples and was reborn as a performing art, and the general public began to learn and enjoy the dance. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
インドの代表的な舞踊の一つ。踊手が1人でいろいろの役を演じ踊る形式をいい,現在タミル・ナードゥ州南東部,とくにマドラス市を中心に行われている。デーバダーシーdevadāsī(神の召使)と呼ばれる,ヒンドゥー教の寺院に所属する女性によって伝承されてきたが,封建制度の発達につれ,君主や土侯の宮廷でも踊られるようになった。しかし,デーバダーシーがついには遊女のようなものになってしまい,舞踊は衰退した。20世紀の初頭,古文化再認識の動きに伴って,バーラタ・ナティヤムは寺院を離れ,舞台芸術として再生し,一般の人々がこの舞踊を学び楽しむようになった。
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