Champagne (English spelling)

Japanese: シャンパーニュ(英語表記)Champagne
Champagne (English spelling)
A region in northeastern France, occupying the eastern part of the Paris Basin. Former province. Comprising the entire Marne, most of the Ardennes, Aube, and Haute-Marne, as well as parts of the Aisne, Seine-et-Marne, Yonne, and Meuse departments. It is almost identical to today's Champagne-Ardenne region (region). Generally, it is plains and gentle hills. The central part has dry limestone soil, called Dry Champagne, where sheep are raised. The eastern part has a belt of moist grain-producing areas, called Moist Champagne. Vineyards extend along the border with the Île-de-France region, centered around Reims and Epernay in the northwest, and the region is known for producing high-quality wine, known as champagne, from which the region takes its name. Until 1314, it was the County of Champagne. Since then, it has been part of the Kingdom of France. It is networked by waterways such as the Seine and the Loire, and flourished as a major trading center on the European continent from the 12th to 14th centuries. A large market was held six times a year, where woolen textiles from Flanders, spices from the East brought by Italian merchants, silk textiles from Northern Italy, linen textiles from Germany, furs from Northern Europe, tanned leather from Spain, and wine from France were traded. Trade subsequently declined due to events such as the Hundred Years' War. In the early modern period, the area was often the site of battles against Germany. The Battle of Champagne during World War I is particularly famous. In 2015, the vineyards and champagne cellars in Reims and Epernay were registered as a cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites.

Champagne
Champaigne, Phillippe de

Born: May 26, 1602, Brussels, Belgium
Died: August 12, 1674. Paris, France. French painter. A student of the landscape painter J. Fouquière and a friend of Nicolas Poussin. He became the court painter of Louis XIII, and was favored by Prime Minister Richelieu, becoming one of the first members of the Academie de Peinture. He excelled in Baroque portraits, historical paintings, religious paintings, and decorative paintings. His major works include "Portrait of Richelieu" (c. 1635, Louvre), "The Oath of Louis XIII" (c. 1638, Caen Museum), "The Presidents of the City of Paris and the City Councilors" (1648, Louvre), "Dedication of 1662" (1662, same museum), and "Dead Christ" (Louvre).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
フランス北東部,パリ盆地の東部を占める地方。旧州。マルヌ県全体と,アルデンヌ県,オーブ県,オートマルヌ県の大部分,およびエーヌ県,セーヌエマルヌ県,ヨンヌ県,ムーズ県の一部からなる。今日のシャンパーニュアルデンヌ地域(レジオン)とほぼ同一。全体として平野とゆるやかな丘陵地。中央部は乾燥した石灰岩土壌で,乾燥シャンパーニュと呼ばれ,牧羊が行なわれる。東部には帯状に湿潤な穀倉地帯があり,湿潤シャンパーニュと呼ばれる。北西部のランスとエペルネを中心とした,イルドフランス地方との境界にはぶどう畑が広がり,地方名を語源とするシャンパンとして知られる良質のワインを特産する。1314年までシャンパーニュ伯領。以後フランス王領。セーヌ川,ロアール川などの水路が張りめぐらされ,12~14世紀にはヨーロッパ大陸の一大交易地として栄えた。大市が年 6回開かれ,フランドルの毛織物,イタリア商人の運んでくる東方の香辛料,北イタリアの絹織物,ドイツの麻織物,北ヨーロッパの毛皮,スペインのなめし革,フランスのワインなどが取り引きされた。その後,百年戦争などにより取り引きは衰退。近世にはしばしば対ドイツ戦の戦場となった。特に第1次世界大戦時のシャンパーニュの戦いは有名。2015年,ランスとエペルネにあるぶどう畑やシャンパン貯蔵庫群などが世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。

シャンパーニュ
Champaigne, Phillippe de

[生]1602.5.26. ベルギー,ブリュッセル
[没]1674.8.12. フランス,パリ
フランスの画家。風景画家 J.フキエールの弟子,ニコラ・プーサンの友人。ルイ13世の宮廷画家となり,宰相リシュリューに好まれ,最初の絵画アカデミー会員の一人となった。バロック様式の肖像画,歴史画,宗教画,装飾画にすぐれた。主要作品『リシュリュー像』 (1635頃,ルーブル美術館) ,『ルイ13世の誓い』 (1638頃,カン美術館) ,『パリ市政府首席と市参事会員たち』 (1648,ルーブル美術館) ,『1662年の奉納画』 (1662,同) ,『死せるキリスト』 (ルーブル美術館) 。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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