Among cultivated plants of the Poaceae family, such as foxtail millet, rice, barley, millet, and corn, there are those that store starch in the endosperm that is either non-glutinous or waxy. Also, Job's tears is only waxy, while its wild species, Job's tears, is only waxy. Amaranthus hypochondriacus, a species of Amaranthus that belongs to the Amaranthaceae family, has been found to store both non-glutinous and waxy starches in the exosperm of the same species. Non-glutinous starch is made up of approximately 20-25% straight-chain amylose and 75-80% branched-chain molecules, while waxy starch contains almost no amylose and is mostly made up of amylopectin. It is known that waxiness is controlled by a single dominant, recessive, endosperm gene (wx). Waxy grains are made glutinous by the starch in their pollen as well as the endosperm. The sticky texture of glutinous grains has long been popular with people living under the influence of the evergreen broad-leaved forest culture. [Fuwa Eiji] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イネ科の栽培植物であるアワ、イネ、オオムギ、キビ、トウモロコシなどは、同一植物種のうちで内胚乳(はいにゅう)に貯蔵するデンプンが粳(うるち)性のものと糯性のものが存在する。またハトムギは糯性のみであるが、その野生種であるジュズダマは粳性のみである。イネ科以外にヒユ科のセンニンコクの一種アマランサス・ヒポコンドリアカスは、同一種内で外胚乳のデンプンが粳性のものと糯性のものがみつけられている。粳性のデンプンは直鎖成分のアミロース約20~25%と分枝鎖分子75~80%からなるのに対し、糯性のデンプンはアミロースをほとんど含まず、大部分アミロペクチンからなる。糯性はただ一つの主動、劣性、胚乳遺伝子(wx)によって支配されていることが知られている。糯性のものは胚乳デンプンとともに花粉のデンプンが糯性である。糯性の穀物のねばねばした食感は、照葉樹林文化の影響下にある人々に古くから好まれてきた。 [不破英次] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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