Jamchi - Jamchi (English spelling)

The relay races of the Mongolian and Yuan empires. The system was established in the first year of the reign of Ogedei Khan (1229), and each station was equipped with carriages, laborers, lodgings, and food and drink, and was used to escort officials and messengers, and to transport goods. This led to active exchanges between the east and west of the Eurasian continent, centered on the capital Karakorum. During the Yuan dynasty, transportation methods convenient for each region, such as cattle, boats, and dogs, were adopted, centered around the capital Dadu (Beijing). Those who had a license to use the station, a "paiza" (paiza) or a "yarig" (pa-ma sheng-ji), could use the station according to the contents of their certificate. The "tanko" (station officials) who worked at the stations were hereditary, and to reduce their burden, they were given a certain amount of tax exemption, but they still tended to be in poverty.

[Kouichi Matsuda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

モンゴル帝国および元帝国の駅伝。オゴタイ・ハンの治世の初年（1229）に制度が整えられ、各駅に車馬、人夫、宿舎、飲食物が備えられ、官吏、使者の護送、物資の輸送に利用された。このため首都カラコルムを中心としたユーラシア大陸東西の交流が活発化した。元代には首都の大都（北京(ペキン)）を中心に、牛、船、犬など、それぞれの土地に便利な輸送交通手段も採用された。利用許可証である「牌(はい)（牌子(し)）」（パイザ）、「舗馬聖旨(ほばせいし)」（ヤルリグ）をもつ者は、その証明内容に応じて駅を利用できた。駅務にあたる「站戸(たんこ)」は世襲であって、その負担を軽減するため、一定の免税処置を受けていたが、なお困窮しがちであった。

［松田孝一］

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