Geriatric care - roujiniryo

Japanese: 老人医療 - ろうじんいりょう

Medical care that takes into account the physical, mental, and social characteristics of the elderly. Since diseases in the elderly occur on top of the general condition of a decline in physiological functions due to aging, they are not only highly prevalent, but also have characteristics such as unclear causes, the onset and progression of diseases without the patient's awareness, the tendency for multiple diseases to occur together, and the tendency for the disease to become chronic. In addition, there are psychological and mental problems that are unique to old age. Health and medical measures for the elderly include public funding for medical expenses for the elderly, elderly health examinations, in-home functional recovery training for the elderly, home volunteer dispatch programs, and other in-home welfare measures under the Elderly Welfare Act enacted in 1963 and the Elderly Medical Expense Payment System implemented in 1973. However, the social situation surrounding the elderly has changed dramatically, with an increase in the elderly population and an increase in elderly households due to the trend toward nuclear families, and the Elderly Health Care System, which is based on the principle of partial payment of medical expenses for the elderly, was established under the Elderly Health Care Act enacted in 1982. The Elderly Health Care Act has since been revised several times, and the elderly home nursing system and the expansion of the number of people eligible for admission to elderly health care facilities have been implemented.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

老人の身体的，精神的，社会的な諸特性をふまえた医療。老人の疾病は老化による生理的な機能の低下という一般的状態のうえに起るため，単に有病率が高いだけでなく，原因が明確でないこと，無自覚のうちに潜在的に発現し進行すること，多疾病が合併しやすいこと，経過が慢性化しやすいことなどの特徴をもち，心理的，精神的にも老年期特有の問題がある。老人に対する保健・医療対策としては，1963年に制定された老人福祉法および 73年から実施された老人医療費支給制度によって，老人医療費の公費負担，老人健康診査，在宅老人機能回復訓練，家庭奉仕員派遣事業その他の在宅福祉対策などが行われてきた。しかし，老齢人口の増加，核家族化に伴う老人世帯の増加など，老人をめぐる社会状況も激変したため，老人の医療費一部負担を骨子とする老人保健制度が，82年に制定された老人保健法により創設されるにいたった。老人保健法はその後いくたびか改正され，老人訪問看護制度や老人保健施設の入所対象者の拡大などが実施されている。

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