Shaba

Japanese: 娑婆 - しゃば
Shaba

In Mahayana Buddhist scriptures, it refers to the world that Shaka enlightened, that is, the world where we, sentient beings, live. It is a transliteration of the Sanskrit word sabhā. The original meaning of the Sanskrit word is unclear, but it is assumed that the word sabhapati or sahāpati was created as one of the titles of Brahma, and then the name of the world sabha or saha was separated from it, and it is thought that the meaning of the land ruled by Brahma changed to refer to the world that Shaka enlightened. In Mahayana Buddhism, the world of sentient beings on this shore is called Saha, as opposed to the Pure Land on the other shore, so originally the Saha world consists of three thousand worlds and includes the six realms of sentient beings, namely heaven, man, hell, hungry ghosts, animals, and asuras. However, in our country, the term "Saha" refers only to human society, and is distinguished from paradise and hell. In addition, the term can also be used to refer to the outside world, such as the military, prisons, and brothels, where freedom is restricted.

[Takahashi Tsuyoshi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

大乗仏典において、釈迦(しゃか)の教化する世界、すなわち、われわれ有情(うじょう)の住む世界をいう。サンスクリット語サバーsabhāの音写。サンスクリット語の原義は明確でないが、まず梵天(ぼんてん)の称号の一つとしてサバーパティsabhāpatiあるいはサハーパティsahāpatiという語ができ、それからサバーまたはサハーという世界の名が分離したものと推定され、この梵天の支配する国土の意から、釈迦の教化する世界をさすものに転じたと考えられる。大乗仏教では、彼岸(ひがん)の浄土に対して、此岸(しがん)の有情の世界を娑婆というのであるから、本来娑婆世界は三千世界よりなり、有情、すなわち天、人、地獄、餓鬼(がき)、畜生(ちくしょう)、阿修羅(あしゅら)の六道を含むものである。しかし、わが国では、人間社会のみを娑婆といい、極楽(ごくらく)や地獄などと区別している。また、転じて、軍隊、牢獄(ろうごく)、遊廓(ゆうかく)など自由を拘束されたところからみて、外の自由な社会をもいう。

[高橋 壯]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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