Social Welfare Council

Japanese: 社会福祉協議会 - しゃかいふくしきょうぎかい
Social Welfare Council

A private organization organized to promote social welfare. Historically, influenced by the activities of the British religious leader Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847), the COS (Charitable Organization Society) movement, and the German poor relief system known as the Elberherd System, friendly visitation activities were carried out in the UK and the US, and activities by area commissioners (the precursor to the welfare commissioners) in Japan led to the establishment of "community welfare" activities.

After the Second World War, around 1950 in Japan, the need for community organization activities was recognized, and in certain local communities, the majority of those running public and private social welfare or rehabilitation services participated in the formation of the Social Welfare Council as a private, voluntary organization with the objectives of "(1) investigating businesses aimed at social welfare, (2) formulating comprehensive plans for these businesses, (3) coordinating and liaising among various social welfare activities in the local community, and (4) conducting public relations activities regarding social welfare for local residents" (Article 74 of the Social Welfare Services Law). Later, when the Social Welfare Services Law was revised to become the Social Welfare Law in 2000, the objectives of the Social Welfare Council were also revised as follows: (1) Planning and implementation of projects aimed at social welfare, (2) assistance for resident participation in social welfare activities, (3) research, dissemination, publicity, communication, coordination and subsidy for projects aimed at social welfare, and (4) projects necessary for the sound development of projects aimed at social welfare, in addition to the projects listed in the previous three (Article 109 of the Social Welfare Law). Social welfare councils are in the process of incorporation and expanding national subsidies for personnel expenses for welfare activity instructors and planning instructors, but in the light of the principles on which they were established, they are being asked to become independent organizations for resident welfare in the true sense of the word, rather than public subcontracting organizations.

[Kyuichi Shirasawa]

[Reference items] | Rehabilitation Protection | Social Welfare | Social Welfare Law | Civil Welfare Commissioner

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

社会福祉の増進を図るために組織された民間団体。歴史的には、イギリスの宗教家チャルマーズThomas Chalmers(1780―1847)の活動、そしてCOS(慈善組織協会)運動、ドイツの救貧制度「エルバーヘルト・システム」の影響を受け、イギリスやアメリカの友愛訪問活動や日本の方面委員(民生委員の前身)活動が行われ、「地域福祉」活動が成立した。

 第二次世界大戦後、日本では1950年(昭和25)ころより、コミュニティ・オーガニゼーション活動の必要性がいわれ、一定の地域社会において、公私の社会福祉事業、または更生保護事業を経営する者の過半数が参加し、「(1)社会福祉を目的とする事業について調査し、(2)これらの事業について総合的企画をたて、(3)その地域社会における社会福祉的諸活動の連絡調整を図り、(4)地域住民に対して社会福祉に関する広報活動を行うこと」(社会福祉事業法74条)を目的とする民間の自主的組織として成立した。その後、社会福祉事業法が、2000年(平成12)に改正され社会福祉法となったのに伴い、社会福祉協議会の目的も以下のように改められた。(1)社会福祉を目的とする事業の企画および実施、(2)社会福祉に関する活動への住民の参加のための援助、(3)社会福祉を目的とする事業に関する調査、普及、宣伝、連絡、調整および助成、(4)前3号に掲げる事業のほか、社会福祉を目的とする事業の健全な発達を図るために必要な事業(社会福祉法109条)、である。社会福祉協議会では、法人化と福祉活動指導員や企画指導員などの人件費の国庫補助の拡大が行われつつあるが、成立の理念からみて公的下請機関ではなく、真の意味で住民福祉の自主的組織化が問われている。

[白沢久一]

[参照項目] | 更生保護 | 社会福祉 | 社会福祉法 | 民生委員

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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