Social formation (English spelling) (ökonomische) Gesellschaftsformation German

Japanese: 社会構成体 - しゃかいこうせいたい(英語表記)(ökonomische) Gesellschaftsformation ドイツ語
Social formation (English spelling) (ökonomische) Gesellschaftsformation German

A basic concept for considering the gradual development of world history from the standpoint of the materialist view of history. In constructing their lives socially, humans enter into social relations that exist regardless of their will, that is, relations of production that correspond to material productive forces. The totality of these relations of production, that is, the economic structure of society, is seen as the "base" (substructure), and legal, political, religious and other forms of social consciousness are seen as the "superstructure" that is formed on this base, and the ultimate driving force of historical development is found in the contradiction between the productive forces and the relations of production within this base. The concept of society as a social formation is what comprehensively grasps the base and superstructure in this sense. Marx distinguished the Asian, classical antiquity, feudal and modern bourgeois modes of production as successive periods of (economic) social formations, and saw the modern bourgeois (bourgeois) relations of production as the final antagonistic form of the social production process.

[Taichiro Oe]

"Marx, Introduction to the Critique of Political Economy, translated by the Publication Committee for the Complete Works of Marx and Engels (included in the Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 13, 1964, Otsuki Shoten)"

[Reference item] | Substructure | Superstructure

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

唯物史観の立場から世界史の累重的発展を考察する際の基本的概念。人間はその生活を社会的につくりあげるにあたって、彼らの意志のいかんにかかわらずに存在する社会関係、すなわち物質的な生産力に照応する生産関係に入る。この生産関係の総体つまり社会の経済的構造は「土台」(下部構造)として、また法律的、政治的、宗教的などの社会的意識諸形態はこの土台のうえに形成される「上部構造」としてとらえられ、歴史発展の究極的原動力はこの土台の内部における生産力と生産関係との矛盾に求められる。この意味での土台と上部構造とを包括的に把握するものが社会構成体としての社会の概念にほかならない。マルクスは、アジア的、古典古代的、封建的および近代市民的生産様式を(経済的)社会構成体の相次ぐ諸時期として区別し、近代市民的(ブルジョア的)生産関係を社会的生産過程の最後の敵対的形態とみた。

[大江泰一郎]

『マルクス著、マルクス=エンゲルス全集刊行委員会訳『経済学批判への序説』(『マルクス=エンゲルス全集 第13巻』所収・1964・大月書店)』

[参照項目] | 下部構造 | 上部構造

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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