German-born British engineer. His German name was Karl Wilhelm Siemens. The eighth of the Siemens brothers, he traveled to England twice, in 1843 and 1844, to popularize the electroplating method invented by his elder brother Werner. He established the British branch of Siemens-Halske & Co. (later merged with Siemens-Schuckert & Co. to form Siemens & Co.) in 1853, and became a naturalized British citizen in 1859. He worked with his brother to lay undersea cables, and with his younger brother Friedrich, who worked selling telegraphs at the same store in London, he invented a regenerative glass furnace, which he patented in 1856. Under his guidance, the French steel engineer Martin succeeded in applying the heat storage method using a gas generator to steelmaking, which he patented in 1864. This method is called the Siemens-Martin process or open hearth process. In spite of his busy schedule, he held important positions in the scientific community, being elected president of the British Society, the Institution of Civil Engineers, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Royal Society, the Iron and Steel Institute, the Aeronautical Society, and the Telegraph Engineering Society. He was awarded the title of Sir in 1883, and died in London in the same year. [Toshio Yamazaki] [Reference] | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツ生まれのイギリスの技術者。ドイツ名はカール・ウィルヘルム・ジーメンスKarl Wilhelm Siemensという。ジーメンス兄弟の8番目に生まれ、兄ウェルナーが発明した電気めっき法を普及させるため、1843、1844年の二度イギリスに渡り、ジーメンス‐ハルスケ商会(のちにジーメンス‐シュッケルト社とともにジーメンス社に一本化)のイギリス支店を創設(1853)、イギリスに帰化した(1859)。兄と協力して海底ケーブルの敷設にあたり、またロンドンの同店で電信機の販売に従事していた弟のフリードリヒと協力して蓄熱式のガラス窯を発明し、1856年特許を得た。ガス発生炉による蓄熱法を製鋼に適用する試みは、彼の指導によりフランスの製鋼技術者マルタンが成功し、1864年特許を得た。この方法はシーメンズ‐マルタン法または平炉法とよばれる。なお、事業の多忙にもかかわらず科学界の要職につき、大英学術協会、土木工学会、機械工学会、王立学会、鉄鋼協会、航空学会、電信工学会の会長に選ばれた。1883年サーの称号が贈られ、同年ロンドンで没した。 [山崎俊雄] [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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