A 9,702-meter-long single-track railway tunnel on the border between Gunma and Niigata prefectures, between Doai and Tsuchitaru on the Joetsu Line. Construction began in 1922 (Taisho 11) and opened in 1931 (Showa 6). It passes directly beneath Mt. Tanigawadake, and was famous as the longest tunnel of the former Japanese National Railways until the completion of the Hokuriku Tunnel in 1962 (Showa 37). The geology of the tunnel is hard quartz diorite, and the "mountain burst phenomenon" that became famous during the construction of the Simplon Tunnel in the Alps occurred here. This phenomenon occurs when stress is released during tunnel excavation, causing rocks on the side walls of the tunnel to fly off in pieces. It was completed under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Railways, using new machinery imported from the United States. With the completion of the Shin-Shimizu Tunnel, it is now used as the Joetsu Line's up line. [Hiroshi Fujii] Shin-Shimizu TunnelA 13,500m long single track railway tunnel between Yubiso and Tsuchitaru on the Joetsu Line (down line). Construction began in 1963 and opened in 1967. It was newly built as part of the Joetsu Line double track construction project. Between Doai and Tsuchitaru it runs parallel to the existing Shimizu Tunnel, and the length has been extended by making a tunnel between Yubiso and Doai as well. Doai Station (down line) is located inside the tunnel 3.7km from the Yubiso side entrance, and passengers use the connecting inclined shaft (460m long). In addition, between Jomo-Kogen and Echigo-Yuzawa stations on the Joetsu Shinkansen line is the Daishimizu Tunnel, which was the longest tunnel in Japan at the time of its opening. [Hiroshi Fujii] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
群馬・新潟県境、上越線土合(どあい)―土樽(つちたる)間の長さ9702メートルの単線鉄道トンネル。1922年(大正11)着工、1931年(昭和6)開通。谷川岳(たにがわだけ)直下を貫いており、1962年(昭和37)北陸トンネル完成時まで、旧国鉄の最長トンネルとして著名であった。トンネルの地質は堅硬な石英閃緑(せんりょく)岩で、アルプスのシンプロン・トンネル工事で有名になった「山はね現象」がおこった。この現象は、トンネル掘削により応力が開放されて、トンネル側壁部の岩石が岩片として飛散する現象である。アメリカ合衆国より輸入した新型機械を使用し、鉄道省の直轄工事で完成した。新清水トンネルの完成により、上越線上り線として使用されている。 [藤井 浩] 新清水トンネル上越線(下り線)湯檜曽(ゆびそ)―土樽間の長さ1万3500メートルの単線鉄道トンネル。1963年(昭和38)着工、1967年開通。上越線複線工事により新設されたもの。土合―土樽間は在来の清水トンネルに並行しており、湯檜曽―土合間もトンネルとしたため延長が伸びている。湯檜曽方坑口より3.7キロメートルのトンネル内に、土合駅(下り線)が設けられ、乗降客は連絡斜坑(長さ460メートル)を利用する。なお、上越新幹線上毛(じょうもう)高原―越後湯沢(えちごゆざわ)駅間には、開通当時長さ日本一だった大(だい)清水トンネルがある。 [藤井 浩] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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