Fatty liver

Japanese: 脂肪肝 - しぼうかん
Fatty liver

What kind of disease is it?


The three main causes of fatty liver are obesity, alcohol, and diabetes.
Fatty liver is a condition in which an abnormal amount of fat accumulates inside liver cells. It is diagnosed when fat accounts for more than 5% of the liver's weight or when fat accumulates in more than 30% of liver cells.
However, fatty liver does not have many subjective symptoms. When it gets severe, you may lose your appetite or feel fatigued. For this reason, it is often discovered by chance when elevated levels of GOT and GPT are observed during blood tests during health checkups. Fatty liver does not lead to serious illnesses, but in rare cases it can progress to cirrhosis . It is also important to remove accumulated fat in order to keep the liver functioning normally.
The main causes are obesity, alcohol, and diabetes . Each of these may be the cause, or they may affect each other in combination, but by identifying the cause, the patient can control their weight and remove the fat that has accumulated in the liver cells.
If obesity is the cause, the first thing you need to do is lose weight. By restricting your calorie intake and exercising, you can lose weight, which will improve your test results and reduce the amount of accumulated fat.
If alcohol is the cause, abstinence from alcohol is essential. This reduces fat synthesis and in turn breaks down accumulated fat, improving the condition.
If diabetes is the cause, follow a diabetic diet (see Diabetes).

Related foods:


<Limiting calorie intake while replenishing protein>
Whatever the cause, one thing you need to be careful about in your diet is to limit your calorie intake. The recommended calorie intake is 20-25 kcal per kg of standard body weight. Refer to the table below to calculate your standard body weight, and then calculate your calorie intake. In addition, if you are extremely obese, the recommended calorie intake is 20 kcal per kg of standard body weight.
Simple calculation method for appropriate energy consumption
Appropriate energy intake (kcal) = daily activity intensity index x standard body weight (kg)
Standard weight (kg) = Height (m) x Height (m) x 22
* Life activity intensity is I, which is walking slowly for up to an hour, such as going for a walk or shopping. II, which is commuting or standing work for up to two hours. III, which is when a person who lives a II lifestyle takes up about an hour of brisk walking or cycling a day, or does about an hour of high-intensity work such as farm work or fishing. IV is more than that.
*For more information on the daily activity intensity index, please see below. It is shown in the format of [age/I (low)/II (slightly low)/III (moderate)/IV (high)].
・18-29 years old / Male 31 Female 31 / Male 36 Female 35 / Male 41 Female 40 / Male 46 Female 45
・30-49 years old/Male 29 Female 28/Male 33 Female 33/Male 38 Female 37/Male 42 Female 41
・50-69 years old/Male 28, Female 27, Male 32, Female 31, Male 37, Female 35, Male 41, Female 39
・70 years old and over / Male 28 Female 27 / Male 32 Female 31 / Male 37 Female 35 / Male 41 Female 39

○ In terms of its function as a nutritional component , protein is an important nutrient. Protein promotes the regeneration of liver cells and the release of fat from the liver. It is particularly preferable to consume high-quality protein, such as tofu, soybeans, eggs, and chicken breast.
In addition, vitamins and minerals are necessary to promote basal metabolism in the liver. Vitamins can be obtained from tomatoes, lettuce, and peppers, and minerals can be obtained from seaweed such as shiitake mushrooms, wakame seaweed, and kombu seaweed, but it is more effective to obtain each type of vitamin and mineral from a variety of foods.
It is also essential to consume dietary fiber, which has the effect of suppressing the absorption of lipids and carbohydrates.
Mushrooms such as shiitake and enoki mushrooms, as well as konjac, are rich in dietary fiber and are also useful for limiting calorie intake.

Source: Shogakukan Medical Museum of Food Information

Japanese:

《どんな病気か?》


〈脂肪肝の3大原因は肥満、アルコール、糖尿病〉
 脂肪肝(しぼうかん)は、肝細胞の内部に脂肪が異常に多く蓄積した状態をいい、肝臓の重量の5%を超えた場合、または、肝細胞の30%以上に脂肪が蓄積している場合に、脂肪肝と診断されます。
 しかし、脂肪肝ではあまり自覚症状がありません。ひどくなったときに、食欲がなくなったり、疲労感を感じたりする程度です。そのため、健康診断での血液検査の際に、GOTやGPTの上昇がみられることから偶然発見されることが多いようです。脂肪肝は重大な疾患につながるようなことはありませんが、まれに肝硬変(かんこうへん)へ移行することがあります。また、肝機能を正常に保つためにも、蓄積した脂肪を取り除くことはたいせつです。
 おもな原因には、肥満、アルコール、糖尿病(とうにょうびょう)があります。それぞれが原因となっていたり、または複合的に影響している場合もありますが、その原因を明らかにして、体重をコントロールしながら、肝細胞に蓄積した脂肪を取り除くようにします。
 肥満が原因の場合、まずは減量が必要です。摂取カロリーの制限と運動によって、体重が減少すると、検査数値も改善され、蓄積した脂肪も減少していきます。
 アルコールが原因の場合には、禁酒が大前提になります。禁酒によって脂肪の合成が減少し、逆に蓄積した脂肪が分解され、改善されていきます。
 糖尿病が原因の場合には、糖尿病の食事療法に従います(「糖尿病」参照)。

《関連する食品》


〈摂取カロリーを制限しつつ、たんぱく質を補給する〉
 原因はいずれにしても、食生活で気をつけなければいけないことは、摂取カロリーの制限です。摂取カロリーの目安は、標準体重1kgあたり、20~25kcal。以下を参考に、標準体重を計算し、そのうえで摂取カロリーを計算してください。また、著しい肥満の場合には、標準体重1kgあたり20kcalが目安です。
〈適正エネルギーの簡易算出法〉
適正エネルギー量(kcal)=生活活動強度指数×標準体重(kg)
標準体重(kg)=身長(m)×身長(m)×22
*生活活動強度とは、Iが散歩、買い物程度のゆっくりした歩行1時間以内。IIが通勤、立位の業務などを2時間以内。IIIはIIの生活をしている人が1日1時間程度の速歩、サイクリングなどを行っているか、農作業、漁業などの運動強度の高い業務を1時間程度行っている場合。IVはそれ以上となります。
*また、生活活動強度指数については以下を参照してください。[年齢/I(低い)/ II(やや低い)/ III(適度)/ IV(高い)]の形で示しています。
・18~29歳/男31 女31/男36 女35/男41 女40/男46 女45
・30~49歳/男29 女28/男33 女33/男38 女37/男42 女41
・50~69歳/男28 女27/男32 女31/男37 女35/男41 女39
・70歳~/男28 女27/男32 女31/男37 女35/男41 女39

○栄養成分としての働きから
 そのうえで、重要となる栄養素がたんぱく質です。たんぱく質は、肝細胞の再生と、脂肪を肝臓から放出するのをうながします。とくに良質なたんぱく質が好ましく、とうふやダイズ、たまごや鶏のささみなどで摂取しましょう。
 また、肝臓での基礎代謝を促進するには、ビタミンやミネラルが必要です。ビタミンはトマトやレタス、ピーマンから、ミネラルはシイタケやワカメ、コンブなどの海藻類から摂取できますが、ビタミン・ミネラルの各種類を多くの食品から摂取すると、より効果的です。
 脂質や糖質の吸収を抑える作用がある食物繊維の摂取も欠かせません。
 シイタケやエノキタケなどのキノコ類やこんにゃくなどは、食物繊維を豊富に含むほか、摂取カロリーの制限にも役立ちます。

出典 小学館食の医学館について 情報

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