It is a straight-chain, higher saturated fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms, and is widely distributed in the plant and animal kingdoms along with stearic acid and oleic acid, and is found in large amounts in wood wax and palm oil. Its chemical formula is CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 COOH, and its melting point is 62.65°C. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and ether. It is an odorless, white waxy solid. It is also called hexadecanoic acid. Palmitine, found in beef tallow and lard, is an ester of glycerin and three molecules of palmitic acid (tripalmitin), while spermaceti is an ester of palmitic acid and cetyl alcohol. It is activated by the enzyme system of mitochondria to become palmityl coenzyme A, which undergoes beta-oxidation and is completely oxidized via the citric acid cycle, breaking down into carbon dioxide and water. In industry, palmitic acid derivatives such as esters, metal salts, alcohols, and amides are important and are widely used in paints, greases, cosmetics, plastics, soaps, synthetic detergents, etc. [Takayoshi Wakagi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
炭素数16の直鎖高級飽和脂肪酸の一つで、ステアリン酸やオレイン酸とともに広く動植物界に分布し、とくに木ろうやパーム油中に多く含まれている。化学式はCH3(CH2)14COOHで、融点は62.65℃。水には不溶であるが、アルコールやエーテルには溶ける。無臭で白色ろう状の固体。ヘキサデカン酸ともいう。 牛脂や豚脂などに含まれるパルミチンは、グリセリンと3分子のパルミチン酸とのエステル(トリパルミチン)であり、鯨(げい)ろうはパルミチン酸とセチルアルコールとのエステルである。ミトコンドリアの酵素系によって活性化されパルミチル補酵素Aとなり、β(ベータ)酸化を受けクエン酸回路を経て完全酸化され、炭酸ガスと水に分解される。工業的には、パルミチン酸のエステル、金属塩、アルコール、アミドなどの誘導体が重要で、塗料、グリース、化粧品、プラスチック、せっけん、合成洗剤などに広く使われている。 [若木高善] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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