Alexander the Great - Alexander

Japanese: アレクサンドロス[大王] - アレクサンドロス

King of Macedonia (reigned 336-323 BC). Son of Philip II. Also known as Alexander III. Studied under Aristotle in his youth. After his father's death, he put down a Greek rebellion under the Corinthian League, and in 334 BC traveled to Asia Minor to invade Persia (the Persian Empire). He won battles at Granicus and Issus, captured Tyre and Gaza, and entered Egypt, where he founded Alexandria. In 331 BC, he defeated the Persian army in the Battle of Gaugamela, entered the royal capital of Persepolis, and achieved his goal of invading Persia. After that, he reorganized his eastern expeditionary army, and invaded Parthia, Bactria, Sogdiana, and even the Punjab region in northwest India. He returned in triumph to Susa in 324 BC. He adopted a policy of racial integration between the East and West, employed Persians in civil and military posts, and demanded deification as an absolute monarch of the East. He built many cities, which he named Alexandria, and contributed to the development of East-West transportation and the economy, as well as cultural fusion, and laid the foundations of Hellenistic culture, such as the adoption of Greek as a common language. He died of illness while preparing to circumnavigate Arabia. The empire was divided due to conflicts between his generals (the Diadochi), and the Hellenistic kingdoms emerged. Later, legendary stories about his life that mixed fantasy and mystery became known in various places.
→ Related topics Apelles | Armenia (region) | Alexandrine | Alexandria (ancient) | Egypt (region) | Kabul | Sarcophagus | Darius [III] | Dodecanese [islands] | Hindu Kush [mountain range] | Phalanx | Herat | Persepolis | Lysippos

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

マケドニア王国国王（在位前336年―前323年）。フィリッポス２世の子。アレクサンドロス３世とも呼ばれる。少年期にアリストテレスに師事。父の没後コリントス同盟下のギリシアの反乱を鎮圧，前334年ペルシア（ペルシア帝国）征討のため小アジアに渡る。グラニコス，イッソスで戦勝，ティルス，ガザを攻略，エジプトに入りアレクサンドリアを建設した。前331年ガウガメラの戦でペルシア軍に完勝，王都ペルセポリスに入りペルシア征討の目的を達する。以後東征軍を再編成，パルティア，バクトリア，ソグディアナ，インド北西部パンジャブ地方にまで遠征。前324年スサに凱旋(がいせん)。東西人種融合策をとり，ペルシア人も文武官職に採用，自らは東方的絶対君主として神格化を要求。アレクサンドリアと命名した多数の都市を建設して東西交通・経済の発展，文化融合に寄与，ギリシア語を共通語とするなどヘレニズム文化の基礎を置く。アラビア周航の準備中に病没。遺将たち（ディアドコイ）の争いのため帝国は分裂し，ヘレニズム諸王国が出現した。のちにその生涯に空想や神秘をまぜた伝奇物語が各地で知られるようになった。
→関連項目アペレス｜アルメニア（地方）｜アレクサンドラン｜アレクサンドリア（古代）｜エジプト（地域）｜カブール｜石棺｜ダレイオス［３世］｜ドデカネス［諸島］｜ヒンドゥークシ［山脈］｜ファランクス｜ヘラート｜ペルセポリス｜リュシッポス

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