A minority ethnic group originally from northern India. They are scattered around the world, mainly in Europe. They used to be known as "wandering people", but now many of them are settled. They are called gypsies in English, gitan in French, Zigeuner in German, and gitano in Spanish, but they call themselves Roma, rom, or romanichel. Because the word gypsy has a derogatory connotation, today they are called Roma or Romany, and their language is also called Romany. There are an estimated 7 to 8 million people in the world. They are of medium height, brown skin, black hair, and have no written language. They are engaged in horse breeding, trading, blacksmithing, and fortune telling (for women). Their music and dance were welcomed at festivals, but they were discriminated against and persecuted by local residents. In particular, the Nazis implemented a policy of extermination from 1933, and about 500,000 people were massacred. Related topics: Indic languages | Koudelka | Gypsy bands | Outcasts | Flamenco | Magyar Nota | Romania Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
北部インドを原郷とする少数民族。ヨーロッパを中心に世界各地に散在。かつては〈流浪の民〉として知られたが,現在では定住するものが多い。英語でジプシー,フランス語でジタンgitan,ドイツ語でツィゴイネルZigeuner,スペイン語でヒタノgitanoなどと呼ぶが,自身ではロマroma,ロムrom,ロマニチェルromanichelなどという。ジプシーという語に軽蔑的意味合いがあるため,今日ではロマ,ロマニーRomanyの呼称が用いられ,その言語もロマニー語と呼ばれる。世界全体で約700万〜800万人と推定される。中背,褐色の皮膚,黒髪で,文字をもたない。馬の飼育,売買,鍛冶(かじ),占い(女子)などに従事した。その音楽や舞踊は祭礼などでは歓迎される面もあったが,地域住民から差別と迫害を受けてきた。とくにナチスは1933年から絶滅政策をとり,約50万人が虐殺された。 →関連項目インド語派|クーデルカ|ジプシー・バンド|賤民|フラメンコ|マジャール・ノータ|ルーマニア 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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