A term that is important in Buddhism. "Ji" corresponds to the Sanskrit word maitrī (friendship) and refers to a heart of deep loving kindness, while "hi" corresponds to karunā (sympathy) and refers to a heart of deep pity. In Buddhist scriptures, it is said that ji is the giving of happiness to all living beings (yoraku), and hi is the removal of misfortune (bakku), but ji and hi express almost the same feelings, and are often translated as "compassion" using only the original words maitri or karunā. When we say great compassion, great mercy, or great compassion, we mean the mercy of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. The compassion of the Buddha is called "great compassion of the same body" because it takes on the suffering of living beings as its own, and is also called "great compassion without a cover" because it is so vast that nothing can cover it. In the various sutras and commentaries, there are three types of compassion: (1) compassion shown toward all living beings (shujoen), (2) compassion shown after realizing that all existence has no substance and free from attachment (hoen), and (3) compassion shown without any object (muen). Of these, muen is said to be unconditional, absolute, and equal compassion; it is the highest type, backed by the enlightenment of emptiness, and is possessed only by Buddhas. [Hirotaka Fujita] “Compassion” by Gen Nakamura (1956, Heirakuji Shoten, Sala Series)” Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
仏教で重視する用語。「慈」はサンスクリット語のマイトリーmaitrī(友情)にあたり、深い慈しみの心をさし、「悲」はカルナーkarunā(同情)にあたり、深い憐(あわれ)みの心をさす。仏典では、生きとし生ける者に幸福を与える(与楽(よらく))のが慈であり、不幸を抜き去る(抜苦(ばっく))のが悲であるというが、慈と悲はほとんど同じ心情を表し、マイトリーまたはカルナーという原語だけで「慈悲」と訳されることも多い。大慈、大悲、大慈悲というときは、仏や菩薩(ぼさつ)の慈悲を表す。仏の慈悲は、生ける者の苦しみを自己の苦しみとするので「同体(どうたい)の大悲」といい、上を覆いかぶせるものがない広大なものであるので「無蓋(むがい)の大悲」ともいう。諸経論には、慈悲に(1)生きとし生ける者に対して起こすもの(衆生縁(しゅじょうえん))、(2)すべての存在は実体がないと悟り執着を離れて起こすもの(法縁(ほうえん))、(3)なんらの対象なくして起こすもの(無縁(むえん))の3種があり(三縁の慈悲)、このうち無縁の慈悲が無条件の絶対平等の慈悲であり、空(くう)の悟りに裏づけられた最上のもので、ただ仏にのみあるという。 [藤田宏達] 『中村元著『慈悲』(1956・平楽寺書店・サーラ叢書)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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