Alexandria (English spelling)

Japanese: アレクサンドリア（英語表記）Alexandria

The name of a Greek-style city built by Alexander the Great. Of the dozens of cities, the Egyptian one was the most important until later times. Founded at the mouth of the Nile in 331 BCE, it was the capital of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the center of trade and culture in the Hellenistic period, producing many famous scientists. It consists of a city with a grid-like street and the Pharos Island in front, connected by a 1,200m pier. The city had the royal palace, the Temple of Serapis, the Mouseion and its attached library, and a 160m-tall lighthouse at the eastern end of the island. During the Roman period, philosophers and theologians appeared and the city was still lively, but it declined after being occupied by Arabs in the mid-7th century. It prospered again after Muhammad Ali appeared in the early 19th century, and in 1881-82, Arabi Pasha's uprising occurred here in rebellion against British colonization.

Source: Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition About Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition

Japanese:

アレクサンドロス大王が建てたギリシア風の都市の名。数十あった中でエジプトの都市が後世まで重要
前331年ナイル川の河口に建設され，プトレマイオス朝の首都としてヘレニズム時代の貿易・文化の中心となり，多くの著名な科学者を輩出した。碁盤状の通りをもった市部と，約1200mの突堤 (とつてい) で結ばれた前面のファロス島からなり，市部には王宮・セラピス神殿・ムセイオンとその付属図書館，島の東端には高さ160ｍの大灯台があった。ローマ時代には哲学者・神学者が現れ，いぜん活気があったが，７世紀半ばアラビア人に占領されてから衰えた。19世紀初めにムハンマド＝アリーが現れてから再び繁栄し，イギリスの植民地化に反抗して，1881〜82年ここでアラービー＝パシャの蜂起が起こった。

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