Cabildo (English spelling)

Japanese: カビルド(英語表記)cabildo
Cabildo (English spelling)
A municipal council in the Spanish colonies of the Americas. The council consisted of 2-3 to 12-13 members, sometimes including the city councilor and the sheriff. The members were often appointed by the town's founder, but in 1523 a decree from King Charles I (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V) stipulated that they be elected from among the landowners. However, the democratic form of elections collapsed after half a century due to the need to strengthen the colonial administration, financial difficulties, and municipal corruption, and many positions, including the council, were appointed or auctioned, and sometimes hereditary by self-appointment. These positions were held by the most important criollos, and certain clans formed the upper class of colonial society. The powers of the cabildo and the officials who appointed them were specified in a decree of 73. The cabildo was sometimes chaired by the governor of the province, whose approval was required for decisions. It also held occasional public meetings with the participation of the most important people in the town. Although it was not binding in this case, the form was revived at the time of independence and became the basis for many juntas.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
アメリカ大陸のスペイン植民地における市参事会 (市町村議会) 。この市参事会は2~3人から 12~13人の委員を中心に構成され,市参事官や保安官が参列することもあった。委員は最初町の創設者によって任命される場合が多かったが,1523年の国王カルロス1世 (神聖ローマ皇帝カルル5世 ) の勅令で土地所有者のなかから選出されることが規定された。しかし選挙による民主的形態も半世紀ののち植民地行政の強化の必要性と財政難,または自治体の腐敗によってくずれ,委員を含む多くの役職が任命または競売によって決るようになり,ときにはみずからの決議で世襲されることになった。これらの地位はクリオーリョ中の有力者が占め,特定の門閥が植民地社会の上層を形成することになった。カビルドとその任命する役人の権限は,73年の法令により細かく規定された。カビルドはその州の長官が議長となることもあり,決議にはその承認が必要であった。またときおり町の有力者を参加させて公開会議をもった。この場合拘束力はもたなかったが,この形態は独立の際によみがえり,多くのフンタの母体となった。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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